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What does Republic Act 8293, Section 176 state about the government of the Philippines?
No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
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Who is the Illustrator of the module?
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How many stadia is 250,000 stadia equal to in kilometers?
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During which event can the circular shadow of the Earth be observed most notably?
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What happens to the position of the North Star as you move closer to the equator?
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What can be observed of a cruising ship if the Earth is a flat disc?
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When did Eratosthenes observe the shadows cast by a vertical stick?
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Why does a vertical stick cast a shadow in Alexandria but not in Syene according to Eratosthenes?
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Who is credited with proposing a system of fixed spheres?
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Who explained the phases of the moon by stating that the moon shone only by reflected sunlight?
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What is the position of the Sun in Alexandria and Syene?
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Who is considered the greatest of the early Greek astronomers and observed the brightness of 850 stars?
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Who was the Greek philosopher who accurately measured the size of the spherical Earth?
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Who determined the size of the earth by applying the geometric principle?
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Who was the first Greek to propose the heliocentric view?
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What is the term for the astronomical model where the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun?
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Who was a student of Plato and believed that the earth is spherical in shape?
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What is the term for the theory that assumes the Earth is at the center of the universe?
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What is the term for the obscuring of light from one celestial body by another?
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What is the term for the longest and shortest days of the year?
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What was Aristotle's conclusion about the shape of the Earth?
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Where did Aristotle observe that the Earth's shadow falls on the moon during a lunar eclipse?
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What was one of the methods used by the Greeks to prove that the Earth is spherical?
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What can be observed during a lunar eclipse that provides evidence for a spherical Earth?
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Who is credited with being one of the first to suggest that the Earth is spherical?
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Study Notes
Ancient Astronomy
- The Government of the Philippines does not have copyright over the work, but prior approval from the agency or office is necessary for exploitation of the work for profit.
- The Department of Education published the module "Ancient Astronomy" in 2020.
Eratosthenes and the Size of the Earth
- Eratosthenes observed the shadows cast by a vertical stick during noon time in summer solstice.
- He measured the circumference of the Earth to be approximately 40,000 km.
- Eratosthenes explained that a vertical stick casts a shadow in Alexandria but not in Syene because the Sun is directly overhead in Syene, while in Alexandria, it is only almost directly overhead.
Greek Philosophers
- Aristarchus was the first Greek to propose the heliocentric view.
- Hipparchus was considered the greatest of the early Greek astronomers and observed the brightness of 850 stars.
- Eudoxus proposed a system of fixed spheres, where the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars were attached.
- Anaxagoras believed that the Sun was many times farther than the Moon and was much larger than the Earth.
Astronomy Terms
- Heliocentrism: an astronomical model where the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.
- Geocentrism: a theory where the Earth is assumed to be at the center of the solar system.
- Eclipse: an obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination.
- Solstice: either of the two times in the year, the summer solstice and the winter solstice, when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days.
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