Ancient and Medieval Nepal

Ancient Era (600 BCE - 300 CE)

• Licchavi period (400 BCE - 750 CE): Developed trade and commerce, introduced Hinduism and Buddhism
• Shakya Kingdom (600 BCE - 400 BCE): Birthplace of Gautama Buddha, known for its prosperity and cultural achievements

Medieval Era (300 - 1750 CE)

• Lichhavi Kingdom (750 - 1200 CE): Revival of Hinduism, construction of temples and monuments
• Malla Kingdom (1200 - 1768 CE): Three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan; known for art, architecture, and cultural achievements

Unification and Expansion (1750 - 1846 CE)

• Gorkhali Empire (1768 - 1846 CE): Unification under Prithvi Narayan Shah, expansion into Tibet and India
• Anglo-Nepal War (1814 - 1816 CE): Treaty of Sugauli, Nepal lost significant territory to British India

Rana Rule (1846 - 1951 CE)

• Rana Dynasty (1846 - 1951 CE): Hereditary prime ministers, modernization and Westernization of Nepal
• Slavery abolition (1924 CE), introduction of democracy and human rights

Democratic Era (1951 - Present)

• Democracy (1951 - 1960 CE): First general elections, multi-party system
• Panchayat System (1960 - 1990 CE): Monarchy-based governance, banned political parties
• People's Movement (1990 CE): Restoration of democracy, multi-party system
• Maoist Insurgency (1996 - 2006 CE): Civil war, establishment of republic in 2008
• Constitution (2015 CE): Federal democratic republic, seven provinces and three tiers of government

Ancient Era (600 BCE - 300 CE)

• Licchavi period saw the development of trade and commerce, and the introduction of Hinduism and Buddhism.
• The Shakya Kingdom, which existed from 600 BCE to 400 BCE, was the birthplace of Gautama Buddha and was known for its prosperity and cultural achievements.

Medieval Era (300 - 1750 CE)

• The Lichhavi Kingdom, which lasted from 750 to 1200 CE, saw a revival of Hinduism and the construction of temples and monuments.
• The Malla Kingdom, which existed from 1200 to 1768 CE, consisted of three kingdoms: Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan; and was known for its art, architecture, and cultural achievements.

Unification and Expansion (1750 - 1846 CE)

• The Gorkhali Empire, which lasted from 1768 to 1846 CE, was unified under Prithvi Narayan Shah and expanded into Tibet and India.
• The Anglo-Nepal War, which took place from 1814 to 1816 CE, resulted in Nepal losing significant territory to British India through the Treaty of Sugauli.

Rana Rule (1846 - 1951 CE)

• The Rana Dynasty, which lasted from 1846 to 1951 CE, was a period of hereditary prime ministers, and saw the modernization and Westernization of Nepal.
• Slavery was abolished in 1924 CE, and democracy and human rights were introduced.

Democratic Era (1951 - Present)

• The first general elections were held in 1951 CE, and a multi-party system was established.
• The Panchayat System, which existed from 1960 to 1990 CE, was a monarchy-based governance system that banned political parties.
• The People's Movement of 1990 CE restored democracy and a multi-party system.
• The Maoist Insurgency, which took place from 1996 to 2006 CE, was a civil war that led to the establishment of a republic in 2008 CE.
• The Constitution of 2015 CE established a federal democratic republic with seven provinces and three tiers of government.