Africa

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What is the primary source of information for archaeologists studying the ancient African kingdom of Zimbabwe?

Eyewitness accounts from travelers and traders

Portuguese histories and oral traditions of modern Shona peoples (correct)

Written records from the ancient civilization

Ancient artifacts and relics found at the site

What is the name of the African kingdom that has been forgotten by time?

Zimbabwe

Mapungubwe (correct)

The Lost City

Southern Kingdoms

What is characteristic of the Zimbabwe Pattern of town layout?

Commoners living in stone-walled huts

Royal graves located at the outskirts of the town

Stone-walled elite residences at the center of the town (correct)

Elite residences at the periphery of the town

Who was allowed to visit the chief at Mapungubwe?

Only relatives, elites, and ritual specialists under guard Signup and view all the answers

What likely contributed to the abandonment of Mapungubwe?

Climatic change and unsustainable agriculture Signup and view all the answers

What separated the king's Hill Complex from the houses of commoners at Great Zimbabwe?

Yet another stone perimeter wall Signup and view all the answers

What was the material used to build commoners' huts at Great Zimbabwe?

Daga (a mix of dung and mud) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of establishing Schroda village?

To control the elephant ivory trade Signup and view all the answers

What was the basis of the economy at Great Zimbabwe?

Agricultural surpluses and cattle Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Zhizo style pottery around AD 1000?

It was replaced by Leopard's Kopje cluster materials Signup and view all the answers

What was the layout of Bambandyanalo?

A Central Cattle Pattern with a central kraal and surrounding households Signup and view all the answers

What was the population density of Mapungubwe near the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo Rivers?

Around 5000 people Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the central kraal in Bambandyanalo?

To serve as the chief's court to settle disputes Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the people of Bambandyanalo around AD 1220?

They abandoned the village and moved to Mapungubwe Signup and view all the answers

What was a form of wealth for village chiefs and elites?

Cattle Signup and view all the answers

What was an important trade resource in the context of Schroda, Bambandyanalo, and Mapungubwe?

Ivory Signup and view all the answers

Where were the ruler and his family separated from everyone else in Mapungubwe?

In a hilltop stone enclosure Signup and view all the answers

What was the largest stone structure in southern Africa?

Great Zimbabwe's Great Enclosure Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Great Zimbabwe losing control over the gold, iron, and ivory trades?

The Torwa and Mutapa states became more powerful Signup and view all the answers

Where was the capital of the Torwa state located?

Southwest of Great Zimbabwe Signup and view all the answers

When was iron metallurgy introduced to Africa?

1200 cal BC Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum temperature required for iron metallurgy?

1100°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the ironworking process?

Forging the iron into finished products Signup and view all the answers

According to the ethnographic record, who dominated the activity of metallurgy?

Men Signup and view all the answers