Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of Anatomy?
What is the main focus of Anatomy?
Which level of organization involves atoms bonding to form molecules?
Which level of organization involves atoms bonding to form molecules?
What is the main focus of Physiology?
What is the main focus of Physiology?
Which level involves two or more different tissues combining to form an organ?
Which level involves two or more different tissues combining to form an organ?
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What is the first level of organization that can be considered 'alive'?
What is the first level of organization that can be considered 'alive'?
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What enables a cell to isolate its internal environment from the outside?
What enables a cell to isolate its internal environment from the outside?
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What is the main difference between passive transport and active transport?
What is the main difference between passive transport and active transport?
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What happens to molecules that are charged or large and cannot freely cross the cellular membrane?
What happens to molecules that are charged or large and cannot freely cross the cellular membrane?
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Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP (energy) within a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP (energy) within a cell?
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Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?
Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?
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Which type of movement involves molecules moving down their concentration gradient without requiring energy?
Which type of movement involves molecules moving down their concentration gradient without requiring energy?
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What structure provides structural support to cells through microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules?
What structure provides structural support to cells through microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules?
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What type of tissue is ligaments?
What type of tissue is ligaments?
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Which muscle type is voluntary?
Which muscle type is voluntary?
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What characterizes nervous tissue?
What characterizes nervous tissue?
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Which of the following is an example of involuntary muscle?
Which of the following is an example of involuntary muscle?
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What is the main function of cardiac muscle?
What is the main function of cardiac muscle?
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How many organ systems are there in the human body?
How many organ systems are there in the human body?
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What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
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As cells progress down the developmental pathway, what happens to their ability to proliferate?
As cells progress down the developmental pathway, what happens to their ability to proliferate?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type?
Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type?
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What type of cells make up connective tissue?
What type of cells make up connective tissue?
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Which part of an epithelial cell is exposed to the outside world?
Which part of an epithelial cell is exposed to the outside world?
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What must substances do to enter or leave the body according to the text?
What must substances do to enter or leave the body according to the text?
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Study Notes
Anatomy vs Physiology
- Anatomy is the study of the body's structure, from the microscopic level to the scale of large bodily structures.
- Physiology is the study of the body's functions, from chemical reactions to the way multiple organ systems work together.
Body Organisation
- The body consists of atoms and molecules, with 6 distinct levels of increasing complexity:
- Chemical level: atoms bond to form molecules with three-dimensional structure.
- Cellular level: a variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of cells.
- Tissue level: a community of similar cells form a body tissue.
- Organ level: two or more different tissues combine to form an organ.
- Organ system level: two or more organs work closely together to perform the functions of a body system.
- Organismal level: many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism.
Cells
- Cells are the first level of organisation that can be considered 'alive'.
- The cell membrane enables a cell to isolate its internal environment from the outside world.
- Concentration gradients: substances move from higher to lower concentrations to evenly distribute themselves.
Cell Transport
- There are two basic types of movement across cell membranes:
- Passive transport: molecules move down their concentration gradient without requiring energy.
- Active transport: molecules move against their concentration gradient, requiring energy and ATP.
Cell Organelles
- Mitochondria generate ATP (energy).
- Cytoskeleton (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) provides structural support.
Tissue Types
- There are four broad categories of tissue:
- Epithelial tissue: forms large sheets of cells on the outer surfaces of the body and glandular tissue.
- Connective tissue: cells dispersed in a non-cellular matrix, providing support, protection, and connection to other tissues.
- Muscle tissue: excitable contractile tissue, with three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
- Nervous tissue: excitable non-contractile tissue, capable of sending and receiving electrical and chemical signals.
Organ Systems
- A group of two or more organs working together to perform major functions in the body.
- There are 11 organ systems in the human body, each critical for survival.
Cell Differentiation
- All cells start as a single fertilized cell, but end up as 30 trillion cells with different functions.
- As cells move further down the developmental pathway, they are less able to turn into different tissue types and proliferate.
- Stem cells have more ability to proliferate and turn into different types of cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between anatomy and physiology. Explore the study of body structures and functions, from microscopic levels to large bodily structures. Get familiar with basic terminologies in Latin and Greek.
