Anatomy Terms and Body Movements Quiz

Describes a body in a standing position, facing forward with feet together, arms slightly out to the side, and palms facing forward. It's the standardized reference point for describing body parts.

Refers to the front of the body, while "posterior" refers to the back.

Refers to the top part of the body

Refers to the bottom part of the body.

Indicates closer to the midline of the body, while "lateral" signifies further away.

Indicates closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the body, while "distal" indicates further away.

A vertical plane dividing the body into front and back sections.

A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

The ability to perform a task through physical and psychological factors.

The most significant stage of growth in which a baby rapidly grows.

A stage in which muscle and bone development is refined.

The study of how human movement is affected by forces.

The stage where individuals experience rapid growth and hormonal changes.

The stage where physical changes related to aging begin to appear.

The study of mental processes in sports and how they impact performance.

A force that originates outside the body, like gravity.

A force that originates inside the body, like muscle contraction.

The state of being at rest or in constant motion.

The study of bodies in motion with changing velocity.

A measure of how a food affects blood sugar levels.

A model for training athletes that emphasizes fundamental movement skills in early stages.

The turning effect of a force.

The ability of the body to resist movement.

The process of taking in air, which is mainly oxygen, into the lungs to be transported to the body cells.

The process of expelling air from the lungs, carrying carbon dioxide as a waste product.

The part of the respiratory system that transports air to the lungs, like the trachea and bronchi.

The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs, primarily in the tiny air sacs called alveoli.

The force (pressure) exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels, especially arteries.

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction, when the heart pumps blood out into the body.

The minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation, when the heart fills with blood.

The heart's natural pacemaker, located in the right atrium, responsible for initiating electrical signals that regulate heartbeats.

A tissue in the heart that receives electrical signals from the SA node and transmits them to the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contraction.

A slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute, often associated with athletes.

A fast heart rate, typically above 100 beats per minute, often caused by stress or exertion.

The process of breaking down glucose for energy in the presence of oxygen, resulting in a significantly higher yield of ATP compared to anaerobic pathways.

A type of muscle fiber known for slow contraction speed, resistance to fatigue, and aerobic energy production; they're often used for endurance activities.

A type of muscle fiber known for fast contraction speed, high force production, and reliance on anaerobic energy; they're often used for bursts of power.

The maximum amount of oxygen a person can use during intense exercise, which is a measure of aerobic fitness.

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) segments.

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves.

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between bones.

Straightening a joint to increase the angle between bones.

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body.

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.

The most significant growth period in a person's life, characterized by rapid physical development and changes.

A stage of development where motor skills are refined, and children gain coordination and control of their movements.

A period of rapid growth and hormonal changes, marked by puberty and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

A stage where physical changes related to aging begin to appear, affecting weight, oxygen capacity, cardiovascular function, and joints.

A push or pull that can change an object's motion.

The adult human skeleton has 206 bones, which provide various functions including support, protection, cell growth, and mineral reserve.

The 206 bones in the adult human skeleton can be classified based on their shape. Long bones are found in the limbs, short bones in wrists and ankles, flat bones are thin and flat, irregular bones have varied shapes, and sesamoid bones are small bones within tendons.

A fracture is a complete or partial break in a bone, often caused by trauma. Stress fractures are small cracks resulting from repetitive stress. Shin splints are pain in the tibia due to overuse. Osteoporosis weakens bones due to low bone mass.

Joints are classified based on their structure and function, allowing different types and ranges of movement. Fibrous joints are immobile, cartilaginous joints allow limited movement, and synovial joints permit a wide range of movement.

Synovial joints allow for movement and possess features like articular cartilage, a joint capsule, a joint cavity, bursae, and ligaments. They facilitate smooth and controlled movement.

Ball-and-socket joints (hip), gliding joints (ankle), hinge joints (elbow/knee), pivot joints (neck), saddle joints (thumb), and ellipsoid joints (wrist) are types of synovial joints with specific movement capabilities.

The musculoskeletal system encompasses bones, joints, and muscles, facilitating support, stability, and movement. Smooth muscle controls internal organs, cardiac muscle pumps blood, and skeletal muscle allows voluntary movement.

Muscle contraction can be concentric (inward movement), eccentric (outward movement), or isometric (force without movement). Concentric contraction shortens the muscle, eccentric lengthens it, and isometric maintains length while producing force.

Muscles are named based on their action, location, shape, fiber direction, number of divisions, or attachment points. This naming system provides a clear and systematic understanding of muscle function and location.

Skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing pairs: the agonist (prime mover) and the antagonist. When the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes, allowing for controlled movement.

Nutrients provide the energy required for cellular activities, tissue building, and repair. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are important energy nutrients.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the universal energy molecule for all living things, powering cellular processes. It's constantly produced and used in the body.

Two main energy systems supply the body: anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen). Anaerobic systems provide quick bursts of energy, while aerobic systems supply sustained energy for longer periods.

The ATP-PC system (anaerobic alactic) provides quick, intense bursts of energy for short durations (10-15 seconds) without producing lactic acid. Glycolysis (anaerobic lactic) provides longer bursts of energy (90 seconds) with lactic acid production.

Cellular respiration (aerobic) is the main source of energy for endurance activities, breaking down glucose completely in the presence of oxygen to produce high ATP yield. It's efficient but requires oxygen.