Anatomy Terminology: HST 108

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Questions and Answers

How would you describe the relationship of the wrist to the elbow, using anatomical terms of position?

The wrist is distal to the elbow.

If a doctor is about to make an incision 'laterally' on a patient, what does that mean?

It means the incision will be made toward the side of the body.

What is the difference between flexion and extension? Provide an example of each using the knee joint.

Flexion decreases the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the knee), while extension increases the angle (e.g., straightening the knee).

Describe what happens during abduction and adduction, and give an example using the arm.

Abduction is movement away from the midline (e.g., raising the arm to the side), and adduction is movement toward the midline (e.g., lowering the arm back to the side). Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between medial and lateral rotation, using the thigh as your example.

Medial rotation is the movement of the anterior surface of the thigh toward the midline, while lateral rotation is movement of the anterior surface away from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between 'superficial' and 'deep' in anatomical terms, and give an example.

'Superficial' refers to being closer to the surface of the body (external), while 'deep' refers to being further away from the surface (internal). For example, skin is superficial to muscle. Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, how do 'inferior' and 'superior' relate to each other?

'Inferior' means toward the feet (caudal), while 'superior' means toward the head. They are opposite directional terms. Signup and view all the answers

The act of shrugging your shoulders involves what kind of movement?

Elevation is the upward movement, and depression is the downward movement. Therefore shrugging involves both. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'anatomical position' refer to, and why is it important?

Anatomical position is the standard reference point for anatomical descriptions: body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward. It provides a consistent frame of reference. Signup and view all the answers

If a person is experiencing pain described as being on the 'median' aspect of their body, where is the pain located?

The pain is located at the midline of their body. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the anatomical position is crucial as a standard reference in anatomy.

The anatomical position provides a universally understood reference point, ensuring consistent descriptions and avoiding ambiguity when discussing body parts and their relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the midsagittal and parasagittal planes, and explain their significance in anatomical studies.

The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves, while a parasagittal plane divides it into unequal halves. This distinction is crucial for accurately describing the location of structures relative to the midline. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relative positions of the heart and the stomach using appropriate anatomical terms.

The heart is superior to the stomach. The stomach is inferior to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

If a surgeon makes an incision parallel to the midsagittal plane, what type of plane is this incision following, and what does this imply about the symmetry of the resulting sections?

The incision follows a parasagittal plane, which means the resulting sections will be unequal in size. Signup and view all the answers

A doctor is describing a lesion on a patient's leg as being 'proximal to the knee.' Explain what this means in terms of anatomical position and what other term could be used.

The lesion is located closer to the point of attachment (hip) than the knee. Another term that could be used is 'superior'. Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles in anatomical terms of position?

The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles; the skeletal muscles are deep to the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the anatomical planes (sagittal, transverse, and coronal) are used in medical imaging techniques like CT scans or MRIs.

These planes provide reference points for imaging, allowing doctors to view the body in different orientations and accurately locate structures or abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is assessing a patient's range of motion. Describe how terms related to movement are utilized to document the patient's progress in flexing and extending their elbow joint.

Terms like flexion (decreasing the angle of the joint) and extension (increasing the angle of the joint) are used to quantify and track the degree to which the patient can move their elbow. Signup and view all the answers

In a car accident, a patient sustains an injury described as 'a deep laceration on the anterior surface of the forearm.' Using anatomical terminology, explain the location and severity of the injury.

The injury is located on the front (anterior) of the forearm and extends significantly below the surface (deep), indicating it affects deeper tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of using proper directional terms when communicating patient information to other healthcare professionals.

Using terms such as superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral ensures common understanding and decreases ambiguity of anatomical locations. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body.