Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following is a primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
- Providing stability to the core
- Protecting vital organs
- Supporting the body's central axis
- Enabling movement and locomotion (correct)
The sacral region of the vertebral column consists of 7 bones.
The sacral region of the vertebral column consists of 7 bones.
False (B)
What type of bone is the patella?
What type of bone is the patella?
Short
__________ connects muscle to bone, enabling movement.
__________ connects muscle to bone, enabling movement.
Match the type of joint with its description:
Match the type of joint with its description:
Which of the following is NOT a component of a synovial joint?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a synovial joint?
The primary function of the meniscus in a synovial joint is to secrete synovial fluid.
The primary function of the meniscus in a synovial joint is to secrete synovial fluid.
What is the anatomical term for the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone?
What is the anatomical term for the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone?
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch or extend is known as __________.
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch or extend is known as __________.
Match each muscle type with its primary characteristic:
Match each muscle type with its primary characteristic:
Which of the following muscles is located on the anterior side of the body?
Which of the following muscles is located on the anterior side of the body?
The biceps femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group.
The biceps femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group.
What is the primary function of articular cartilage in a joint?
What is the primary function of articular cartilage in a joint?
__________ is the term for an increase in muscle size due to strength training.
__________ is the term for an increase in muscle size due to strength training.
Match the anatomical term with its meaning:
Match the anatomical term with its meaning:
Which of the following is a function of ligaments?
Which of the following is a function of ligaments?
The diaphysis of a long bone is primarily composed of spongy bone.
The diaphysis of a long bone is primarily composed of spongy bone.
What is the fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bone, joint, and muscle called?
What is the fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bone, joint, and muscle called?
The functional unit of skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction is called the __________.
The functional unit of skeletal muscle responsible for muscle contraction is called the __________.
Match the spinal region to the number of vertebrae it contains:
Match the spinal region to the number of vertebrae it contains:
Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Includes skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx).
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Includes pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), upper limbs, pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, and pubis), and lower limbs.
Functions: Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton
Functions: Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton
Axial provides protection, support, and stability. Appendicular facilitates movement and locomotion.
Four Types of Bones
Four Types of Bones
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Structure of a Long Bone
Structure of a Long Bone
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Anatomical Terminology for Bone Location
Anatomical Terminology for Bone Location
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Functions of Connective Tissue
Functions of Connective Tissue
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Joint
Joint
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Types of Joints
Types of Joints
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Features of a Synovial Joint
Features of a Synovial Joint
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Types of Synovial Joints
Types of Synovial Joints
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General Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
General Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
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Types of Muscles
Types of Muscles
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Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
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Origin and Insertion of Muscles
Origin and Insertion of Muscles
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Anterior Skeletal Muscles
Anterior Skeletal Muscles
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Posterior Skeletal Muscles
Posterior Skeletal Muscles
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Study Notes
Axial Skeleton
- Includes the skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column.
- The vertebral column consists of:
- Cervical: 7 bones
- Thoracic: 12 bones
- Lumbar: 5 bones
- Sacral: 5 bones
- Coccyx: 4 bones
Appendicular Skeleton
- Includes the pectoral girdle, scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle, ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, patella, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton: Function
- Axial skeleton provides protection, support, and stability.
- Appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and locomotion.
Four Types of Bones
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Long Bone Structure
- Epiphysis
- Spongy bone
- Articular cartilage
- Diaphysis
- Compact bone marrow
- Marrow cavity
- Blood vessels
- Periosteum
Anatomical Terminology
- Inferior
- Superior
- Proximal
- Distal
- Medial
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Anterior
Connective Tissues
- Cartilage: Provides support, flexibility, and cushioning in joints; reduces friction and increases shock absorption (e.g., articular cartilage).
- Ligament: Connects bone to bone, providing joint stability (e.g., ACL).
- Tendon: Connects muscle to bone, enabling movement (e.g., Achilles tendon).
Joint Definition
- A joint is where two or more bones articulate.
Types of Joints and Movement
- Fibrous: No movement (e.g., skull); provides protection and stability.
- Cartilaginous: Slight movement (e.g., intervertebral disc); provides flexibility and shock absorption.
- Synovial: Freely movable (e.g., knee joint); has a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, reducing friction and allowing a wide range of motion.
Synovial Joint Features
- Articular cartilage: Smooth, covers the ends of bones, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
- Synovial membrane: A thin layer that secretes synovial fluid.
- Synovial fluid: Reduces friction and absorbs shock.
- Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between bone, joint, and muscle.
- Meniscus: Improves joint stability and distributes weight.
- Ligaments: Connect bone to bone.
- Articular capsule: Encloses the joint, providing stability and allowing movement.
Types of Synovial Joints
- Hinge
- Ball and socket
- Condyloid
- Pivot
- Gliding
- Saddle
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
Types of Muscles
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
Skeletal Muscle Structure
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle fiber
- Muscle fibril
- Sarcomere
- Actin
- Myosin
Muscle Origin and Insertion
- Origin: The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone.
- Insertion: The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone.
Skeletal Muscles by Body Region
- Anterior:
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
- Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis)
- Tibialis anterior
- Abdominus rectus
- External obliques
- Biceps brachii
- Posterior:
- Trapezius
- Triceps brachii
- Latissimus dorsi
- Gluteus maximus
- Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Erector spinae
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