Anatomy Quiz: Skull and Facial Nerve
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the neck?

  • Carotid sheath
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid gland
  • Sphenoid bone (correct)

    • The foramen ovale, seen in the base of the skull, transmits:

  • Facial nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Mandibular nerve (correct)
  • Internal carotid artery

    • A patient presents with difficulty in mastication and altered sensation in the lower jaw. Which foramen is most likely involved?

  • Foramen spinosum
  • Foramen ovale (correct)
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Jugular foramen

    • Which of the following is an age-related change in the mandible?

    <p>Decrease in alveolar height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve responsible for the motor supply of facial muscles is:

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient exhibits drooping of one side of the face and inability to close the eye on the affected side. Which nerve is likely injured?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to:

    <p>Auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A blow to the orbit leads to loss of upward gaze. Which muscle is most likely affected?

    <p>Superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action of the superior oblique muscle is:

    <p>Abduction and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve supply of the external auditory canal is provided by:

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient reports ear pain and dry mouth. Which nerve might be involved?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible for:

    <p>Protrusion of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with limited jaw opening and pain near the temporomandibular joint. Which muscle is likely involved?

    <p>Lateral pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common site for epistaxis (nosebleed) is:

    <p>Little's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle responsible for protruding the tongue is:

    <p>Genioglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with tongue deviation to the right side. Which nerve is likely affected?

    <p>Right hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carotid triangle is bounded by:

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric, superior belly of omohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the development of:

    <p>Styloid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A newborn is diagnosed with Treacher Collins syndrome. The anomaly is most likely associated with maldevelopment of which pharyngeal arch?

    <p>First</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT a content of the orbit?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with proptosis and inability to move the eye upward. Imaging reveals a tumor in the orbital cavity. Which muscle is most likely being compressed?

    <p>Superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve supplying the superior oblique muscle is:

    <p>Trochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with diplopia when looking downward. Which cranial nerve lesion is most likely causing this symptom?

    <p>Trochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The boundary between the external and middle ear is:

    <p>Tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child presents with hearing loss and fluid in the middle ear. Which structure is most likely obstructed?

    <p>Pharyngotympanic tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillary nerve exits the pterygopalatine fossa via the:

    <p>Infraorbital foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa is compressing the maxillary nerve. Which symptom is most likely?

    <p>Numbness in the upper jaw and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of the TMJ?

    <p>Hinge and gliding joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient reports clicking sounds during jaw movement and limited jaw opening. What is the most likely cause?

    <p>TMJ disc displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maxillary sinus opens into:

    <p>Middle meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with severe pain over the cheeks and a blocked nose. Imaging reveals fluid accumulation in the maxillary sinus. This is most likely due to obstruction of:

    <p>Maxillary sinus ostium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior two-thirds of the tongue receive general sensation from:

    <p>Lingual nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is likely damaged?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyroid gland is located within the:

    <p>Muscular triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A swelling in the anterior neck moves up during swallowing. Which structure is most likely involved?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary gland develops from:

    <p>Surface ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with visual field defects (bitemporal hemianopia) and hormonal imbalances. Imaging shows a mass in the sella turcica. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Pituitary adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is a remnant of:

    <p>Thyroglossal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child presents with a midline neck swelling that moves with swallowing and tongue protrusion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Thyroglossal cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior triangle of the neck is bounded anteriorly by:

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with a stab wound to the posterior triangle of the neck. Which structure is most likely injured?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external occipital protuberance is part of which norma?

    <p>Norma occipitalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fracture involving the pterion of the skull is most likely to damage which vessel?

    <p>Middle meningeal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mandible articulates with the skull at the:

    <p>Temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child with Pierre Robin sequence has a severely underdeveloped mandible. This anomaly primarily affects which process of development?

    <p>Mesenchymal proliferation in the first arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the scalp contains the blood vessels and nerves?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deep laceration to the scalp results in gaping due to damage to which layer?

    <p>Aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main sensory nerve of the face is:

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with Bell's palsy, showing drooping of the corner of the mouth. This is due to damage to which nerve?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has a branchial fistula that discharges from the lateral neck. It is most likely derived from which embryological structure?

    <p>Second pharyngeal cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The philtrum of the lip is derived from the:

    <p>Medial nasal prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child is born with cleft lip. This condition results from failure of fusion between which two structures?

    <p>Maxillary and medial nasal prominences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medial wall of the orbit is formed by all EXCEPT:

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has epiphora due to obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct. This structure drains into which part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Inferior meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior oblique muscle is innervated by:

    <p>Trochlear nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with a lesion of the abducens nerve will have difficulty moving the eye in which direction?

    <p>Laterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ossicles of the middle ear include all EXCEPT:

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has conductive hearing loss due to fixation of the stapes. This condition is referred to as:

    <p>Otosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is a content of the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Question 1

    • The sphenoid bone is not found in the neck, it is located in the skull.

    Question 2

    • The foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve.

    Clinical Case 1

    • Difficulty in mastication and altered sensation in the lower jaw most likely indicate a problem in the foramen ovale.

    Question 3

    • One age-related change in the mandible is a decrease in alveolar height.

    Question 4

    • The danger area of the scalp is the loose areolar tissue.

    Question 5

    • The facial nerve provides the motor supply to facial muscles.

    Clinical Case 2

    • Drooping on one side of the face and inability to close the eye on the same side suggests an injury to the facial nerve.

    Question 6

    • The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the auditory tube.

    Question 7

    • The optic nerve does not pass through the superior orbital fissure.

    Clinical Case 3

    • A blow to the orbit resulting in loss of upward gaze most likely indicates damage to the superior rectus muscle.

    Question 8

    • The superior oblique muscle is responsible for abduction and depression.

    Question 9

    • The external auditory canal is supplied by the trigeminal nerve.

    Clinical Case 4

    • Ear pain and dry mouth may be indicative of a problem with the glossopharyngeal nerve.

    Question 10

    • The lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible for protrusion of the mandible.

    Clinical Case 5

    • Limited jaw opening and pain near the temporomandibular joint suggests a problem with the lateral pterygoid muscle.

    Question 11

    • The most common site for epistaxis is the sphenoethmoidal recess.

    Question 12

    • The muscle responsible for protruding the tongue is the genioglossus.

    Clinical Case 6

    • Tongue deviation to the right side suggests damage to the left hypoglossal nerve.

    Question 13

    • The carotid triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of the digastric, and superior belly of the omohyoid.

    Question 14

    • The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the development of the styloid process.

    Clinical Case 7

    • Treacher Collins syndrome is most likely associated with maldevelopment of the first pharyngeal arch.

    Question 15

    • The submandibular gland is not a content of the orbit.

    Clinical Case 8

    • Proptosis (bulging eye) and inability to move the eye upward with a tumor in the orbit suggests compression of the superior rectus muscle.

    Question 16

    • The superior oblique muscle is supplied by the trochlear nerve.

    Clinical Case 9

    • Diplopia when looking downward suggests a lesion of the trochlear nerve.

    Question 17

    • The boundary between the external and middle ear is the tympanic membrane.

    Clinical Case 10

    • Hearing loss and fluid in the middle ear most likely indicates an obstruction of the pharyngotympanic tube.

    Question 18

    • The maxillary nerve exits the pterygopalatine fossa via the infraorbital foramen.

    Clinical Case 11

    • A tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa compressing the maxillary nerve would cause numbness in the upper jaw and teeth.

    Question 19

    • The temporomandibular joint is a hinge and gliding joint.

    Clinical Case 12

    • Clicking sounds during jaw movement and limited jaw opening suggest TMJ disc displacement.

    Question 20

    • The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus.

    Clinical Case 13

    • Pain over the cheeks and a blocked nose with fluid in the maxillary sinus suggests obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostium.

    Question 21

    • The anterior two-thirds of the tongue receives general sensation from the lingual nerve.

    Clinical Case 14

    • Difficulty swallowing and loss of taste in the posterior third of the tongue suggests damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve.

    Question 22

    • The thyroid gland is located within the muscular triangle.

    Clinical Case 15

    • A swelling in the anterior neck that moves with swallowing most likely indicates a problem with the thyroid gland.

    Question 23

    • The anterior pituitary gland develops from endoderm.

    Clinical Case 16

    • Visual field defects and hormonal imbalances, with a mass in the sella turcica, most likely indicate a pituitary adenoma.

    Question 24

    • The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct.

    Clinical Case 17

    • A midline neck swelling that moves with swallowing is most likely a thyroglossal cyst.

    Question 25

    • The sphenoid bone is not a content of the orbit.

    Question 1

    • The posterior triangle of the neck is bordered anteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

    Clinical Case 18

    • A stab wound in the posterior triangle of the neck most likely damages the brachial plexus .

    Question 2

    • The external occipital protuberance is part of the norma occipitalis.

    Clinical Case 19

    • A fracture involving the pterion of the skull is most likely to damage the middle meningeal artery.

    Question 3

    • The mandible articulates with the temporal bone..

    Clinical Case 20

    • Pierre Robin sequence is a developmental issue that affects the mandible, with a primary concern about mesenchymal proliferation in the first arch process.

    Question 4

    • The layer of the scalp containing blood vessels and nerves is the connective tissue.

    Clinical Case 21

    • Deep scalp laceration results in gaping due to a damaged aponeurosis layer.

    Question 5

    • The trigeminal nerve provides the primary sensory supply for the face.

    Clinical Case 22

    • Bell's palsy, with corner of mouth drooping is due to the facial nerve being damaged.

    Question 6

    • The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the auditory tube (Eustachian tube).

    Clinical Case 23

    • A branchial fistula discharging from the lateral neck is likely derived from the second pharyngeal cleft.

    Question 7

    • The philtrum of the upper lip is derived from the medial nasal prominence.

    Clinical Case 24

    • A cleft lip results from a failure of fusion between the maxillary and medial nasal prominences.

    Question 8

    • The medial wall of the orbit is formed by the ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone, sphenoid bone, not the frontal bone.

    Clinical Case 25

    • Epiphora (excessive tearing) due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to drainage into the inferior meatus.

    Question 9

    • The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve.

    Clinical Case 26

    • Lesion in the abducens nerve results in difficulty moving the eye laterally.

    Question 10

    • The ossicles of the middle ear do not include the cochlea.

    Clinical Case 27

    • Conductive hearing loss due to fixation of the stapes is called otosclerosis.

    Question 11

    • The maxillary artery is a content of the infratemporal fossa.

    Clinical Case 28

    • Trigeminal neuralgia involves the nerve that passes through the infratemporal fossa.

    Question 1

    • The vagus nerve (CN X) is the cranial nerve most likely affected in a patient with hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing with lost sensation in the pharynx and impaired gag reflex.

    Clinical Case 29

    • Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a risk during thyroidectomy.

    Question 1

    • The genioglossus muscle is most likely the muscle affected in a patient with difficulty chewing and speaking and atrophy of one side of the tongue.

    Question 1

    • The mucosa of the oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

    Question 2

    • A bulging tympanic membrane with signs of infection most likely points to otitis media.

    Question 1

    • The stapedius muscle, responsible for dampening loud sounds, is innervated by the facial nerve.

    Question 1

    • The primary artery supplying the scalp is the superficial temporal artery.

    Question 1

    • The pharyngeal arches do not develop into the muscles of the tongue.

    Question 1

    • The palatine shelves failed to fuse, resulting in a cleft palate and bifid uvula.

    Question 1

    • The cricothyroid muscle, adjusting vocal cord tension, is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.

    Question 1

    • The lateral pterygoid muscle is mainly for protruding the mandible.

    Question 1

    • The parathyroid glands are derived from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches.

    Question 1

    • The anterior scalene muscle attaches to the first rib.

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