Anatomy Quiz: Skull and Facial Nerve

Question 1

• The sphenoid bone is not found in the neck, it is located in the skull.

Question 2

• The foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve.

Clinical Case 1

• Difficulty in mastication and altered sensation in the lower jaw most likely indicate a problem in the foramen ovale.

Question 3

• One age-related change in the mandible is a decrease in alveolar height.

Question 4

• The danger area of the scalp is the loose areolar tissue.

Question 5

• The facial nerve provides the motor supply to facial muscles.

Clinical Case 2

• Drooping on one side of the face and inability to close the eye on the same side suggests an injury to the facial nerve.

Question 6

• The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the auditory tube.

Question 7

• The optic nerve does not pass through the superior orbital fissure.

Clinical Case 3

• A blow to the orbit resulting in loss of upward gaze most likely indicates damage to the superior rectus muscle.

Question 8

• The superior oblique muscle is responsible for abduction and depression.

Question 9

• The external auditory canal is supplied by the trigeminal nerve.

Clinical Case 4

• Ear pain and dry mouth may be indicative of a problem with the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 10

• The lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible for protrusion of the mandible.

Clinical Case 5

• Limited jaw opening and pain near the temporomandibular joint suggests a problem with the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Question 11

• The most common site for epistaxis is the sphenoethmoidal recess.

Question 12

• The muscle responsible for protruding the tongue is the genioglossus.

Clinical Case 6

• Tongue deviation to the right side suggests damage to the left hypoglossal nerve.

Question 13

• The carotid triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of the digastric, and superior belly of the omohyoid.

Question 14

• The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the development of the styloid process.

Clinical Case 7

• Treacher Collins syndrome is most likely associated with maldevelopment of the first pharyngeal arch.

Question 15

• The submandibular gland is not a content of the orbit.

Clinical Case 8

• Proptosis (bulging eye) and inability to move the eye upward with a tumor in the orbit suggests compression of the superior rectus muscle.

Question 16

• The superior oblique muscle is supplied by the trochlear nerve.

Clinical Case 9

• Diplopia when looking downward suggests a lesion of the trochlear nerve.

Question 17

• The boundary between the external and middle ear is the tympanic membrane.

Clinical Case 10

• Hearing loss and fluid in the middle ear most likely indicates an obstruction of the pharyngotympanic tube.

Question 18

• The maxillary nerve exits the pterygopalatine fossa via the infraorbital foramen.

Clinical Case 11

• A tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa compressing the maxillary nerve would cause numbness in the upper jaw and teeth.

Question 19

• The temporomandibular joint is a hinge and gliding joint.

Clinical Case 12

• Clicking sounds during jaw movement and limited jaw opening suggest TMJ disc displacement.

Question 20

• The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus.

Clinical Case 13

• Pain over the cheeks and a blocked nose with fluid in the maxillary sinus suggests obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostium.

Question 21

• The anterior two-thirds of the tongue receives general sensation from the lingual nerve.

Clinical Case 14

• Difficulty swallowing and loss of taste in the posterior third of the tongue suggests damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 22

• The thyroid gland is located within the muscular triangle.

Clinical Case 15

• A swelling in the anterior neck that moves with swallowing most likely indicates a problem with the thyroid gland.

Question 23

• The anterior pituitary gland develops from endoderm.

Clinical Case 16

• Visual field defects and hormonal imbalances, with a mass in the sella turcica, most likely indicate a pituitary adenoma.

Question 24

• The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct.

Clinical Case 17

• A midline neck swelling that moves with swallowing is most likely a thyroglossal cyst.

Question 25

• The sphenoid bone is not a content of the orbit.

Question 1

• The posterior triangle of the neck is bordered anteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Clinical Case 18

• A stab wound in the posterior triangle of the neck most likely damages the brachial plexus .

Question 2

• The external occipital protuberance is part of the norma occipitalis.

Clinical Case 19

• A fracture involving the pterion of the skull is most likely to damage the middle meningeal artery.

Question 3

• The mandible articulates with the temporal bone..

Clinical Case 20

• Pierre Robin sequence is a developmental issue that affects the mandible, with a primary concern about mesenchymal proliferation in the first arch process.

Question 4

• The layer of the scalp containing blood vessels and nerves is the connective tissue.

Clinical Case 21

• Deep scalp laceration results in gaping due to a damaged aponeurosis layer.

Question 5

• The trigeminal nerve provides the primary sensory supply for the face.

Clinical Case 22

• Bell's palsy, with corner of mouth drooping is due to the facial nerve being damaged.

Question 6

• The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the auditory tube (Eustachian tube).

Clinical Case 23

• A branchial fistula discharging from the lateral neck is likely derived from the second pharyngeal cleft.

Question 7

• The philtrum of the upper lip is derived from the medial nasal prominence.

Clinical Case 24

• A cleft lip results from a failure of fusion between the maxillary and medial nasal prominences.

Question 8

• The medial wall of the orbit is formed by the ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone, sphenoid bone, not the frontal bone.

Clinical Case 25

• Epiphora (excessive tearing) due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to drainage into the inferior meatus.

Question 9

• The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve.

Clinical Case 26

• Lesion in the abducens nerve results in difficulty moving the eye laterally.

Question 10

• The ossicles of the middle ear do not include the cochlea.

Clinical Case 27

• Conductive hearing loss due to fixation of the stapes is called otosclerosis.

Question 11

• The maxillary artery is a content of the infratemporal fossa.

Clinical Case 28

• Trigeminal neuralgia involves the nerve that passes through the infratemporal fossa.

Question 1

• The vagus nerve (CN X) is the cranial nerve most likely affected in a patient with hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing with lost sensation in the pharynx and impaired gag reflex.

Clinical Case 29

• Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a risk during thyroidectomy.

Question 1

• The genioglossus muscle is most likely the muscle affected in a patient with difficulty chewing and speaking and atrophy of one side of the tongue.

Question 1

• The mucosa of the oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 2

• A bulging tympanic membrane with signs of infection most likely points to otitis media.

Question 1

• The stapedius muscle, responsible for dampening loud sounds, is innervated by the facial nerve.

Question 1

• The primary artery supplying the scalp is the superficial temporal artery.

Question 1

• The pharyngeal arches do not develop into the muscles of the tongue.

Question 1

• The palatine shelves failed to fuse, resulting in a cleft palate and bifid uvula.

Question 1

• The cricothyroid muscle, adjusting vocal cord tension, is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.

Question 1

• The lateral pterygoid muscle is mainly for protruding the mandible.

Question 1

• The parathyroid glands are derived from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches.

Question 1

• The anterior scalene muscle attaches to the first rib.

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the skull, facial nerves, and clinical implications of associated injuries. This quiz covers critical concepts regarding cranial structures, their functions, and age-related changes. Prepare to enhance your understanding of how anatomical features relate to clinical conditions.