Anatomy Quiz: Mandible and Scalp Muscles

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Questions and Answers

What formation characterizes the body of the mandible?

Flat structure

Circular structure

Triangular structure

Horseshoe-shaped structure (correct)

Which feature of the mandible is found in the midline and appears as a faint ridge?

Mental tubercle

Mylohyoid line

Symphysis menti (correct)

Oblique line

Where is the mental foramen located in the mandible?

Above the mental protuberance

Below the symphysis menti

Above the oblique line (correct)

Above the superior genial tubercle

What is contained within the submandibular fossa of the mandible?

Submandibular salivary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Control facial expressions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers is included in the definition of the scalp?

Muscle layer Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the mandibular foramen lead to?

Mandibular canal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the inner surface of the mandible?

Mental protuberance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epicranial aponeurosis?

To unite the occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer occupies the subaponeurotic space and allows movement of the scalp?

Loose areolar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Highest nuchal line Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the scalp close to the median plane as far as the vertex?

Supratrochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nerve supply to the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the cervical spinal nerves supplies the lateral part of the occipital region?

Lesser occipital nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull?

Loose areolar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed by the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Moves the scalp on the skull and raises the eyebrow Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the skin of the dorsal part of the scalp as far as the vertex?

Grade Occipital Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery ascends over the forehead accompanying the supratrochlear nerve?

Supratrochlear Artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the superficial temporal artery divide into?

Anterior and Posterior branches Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the posterior auricular vein unite with to form the external jugular vein?

Posterior division of the retromandibular vein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the skin over the temporal region?

Auriculotemporal Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the scalp above and behind the auricle?

Posterior Auricular Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus supplying the lateral part of the occipital region?

Lesser Occipital Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory supply of the scalp near the midline?

Supratrochlear Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What lymph nodes drain the anterior part of the scalp and forehead?

Submandibular lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the skin of the lateral part of the upper eyelid?

Lacrimal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sensory nerve supply for the skin on the lower lip and chin?

Mental nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the face does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?

Skin over the temple Signup and view all the answers

What drains into the superficial parotid nodes?

Part of the scalp above the ear Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve division primarily supplies the skin on the medial part of the lower eyelid?

Ophthalmic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the occipital vein drain into?

Vertebral veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the facial skeleton?

Parietal bone Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the medial part of the upper eyelid and forehead?

Supratrochlear Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which artery provides the blood supply for the skin on the side and dorsum of the nose?

Lateral nasal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the facial artery?

External carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

For which area does the infraorbital nerve provide sensory supply?

Lateral part of the lower eyelid Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the terminal part of the facial artery at the angle of the eye?

Angular artery Signup and view all the answers

What does the lacrimal nerve primarily supply?

Lateral part of the upper eyelid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of the facial artery supplies the chin and lower lip?

Inferior labial artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the skin over the prominence of the cheek?

Zygomatico-facial Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Compresses lips together Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery?

Superficial temporal artery Signup and view all the answers

Where does the facial vein drain into?

Internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the buccinator muscle?

Positioning food for efficient chewing Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the orbicularis oris?

Buccal branch Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the face drains lymph into the submandibular lymph nodes?

Forehead and anterior part Signup and view all the answers

What vein joins the superficial temporal vein?

Transverse facial vein Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides the nerve supply for the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

Temporal branch of the facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mandibular, Scalp & Face

The lecture covered the mandible, scalp, and face, and included objectives, anatomy, and the associated structures.
The session's date was 13-17/10/2024.
The lecturer(s) were Dr. Mona Zoair and Prof. Doaa Haiba.
The institution was Al Salam University.

Mandibular Anatomy

The mandible is horseshoe-shaped and has two rami (right and left).
Features of the mandibular body (outer surface) include the symphysis menti, mental protuberance, mental tubercle, oblique line, and mental foramen.
The mandibular body (inner surface) features include the mylohyoid line, submandibular fossa, sublingual fossa, superior genial tubercle, and inferior genial tubercle.
The ramus of the mandible features the mandibular foramen, lingula, and mylohyoid groove.
The mandible's processes include the coronoid process and condyloid process with head and neck.
The borders of the ramus of the mandible involve the anterior border, posterior border, and superior border.

Scalp Anatomy

The scalp is the soft tissue covering the skull cap.
It extends from the superciliary arches to the external occipital protuberance.
The scalp's layers are skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, and pericranium.
The connective tissue layer is a dense fibrofatty layer with fibrous septa that unite the skin to the underlying epicranial aponeurosis.
The epicranial aponeurosis is a sheet that joins the occipital and frontal bellies.
Loose areolar tissue occupies the subaponeurotic space.
The pericranium is the periosteum of the skull bones, contains blood vessels, and emissary veins.

Occipitofrontalis Muscle

Origin: the highest nuchal line, skin and superficial fascia of eyebrow.
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis.
Nerve supply: facial nerve.
Action: moves scalp on skull and raises the eyebrow.

Sensory Nerve Supply of Scalp

The scalp is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve (anterior) and cervical spinal nerves (posterior).
The trigeminal nerve branches include supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, and auriculotemporal nerve.
Cervical spinal nerves include the greater occipital nerve, third occipital nerve, and lesser occipital nerve.

Arterial Supply of Scalp

The scalp has a blood supply from the supratrochlear artery, supraorbital artery, superficial temporal artery, and posterior auricular artery, and occipital artery.

Venous Drainage of Scalp

Superficial temporal vein joins the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein.
Posterior auricular vein joins the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.
Occipital vein drains into vertebral and internal jugular veins.

Lymphatic Drainage of Scalp

The anterior part drains to submandibular lymph nodes.
The lateral part drains to the superficial parotid (preauricular) nodes.
The back part drains to occipital nodes.

Face Anatomy

The face extends from superciliary arches to the mandible inferiorly and to the auricles laterally.
Facial skeleton includes frontal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, maxillary process, nasal bone, and zygomatic bone.

Sensory Nerve Supply of Face

The face is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves).
A small area over the angle of the mandible is supplied by the great auricular nerve.

Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve

Lacrimal nerve supplies the lateral part of the upper eyelid.
Supraorbital nerve supplies the central part of the upper eyelid and forehead.
Supratrochlear nerve supplies the medial part of the upper eyelid and lower forehead.
Infratrochlear nerve supplies the medial part of the lower eyelid and side of the nose.
External nasal nerve supplies skin on side of nose.

Branches of Maxillary Nerve

Infraorbital nerve supplies the lower eyelid, cheek, side of nose, and upper lip.
Zygomaticofacial nerve supplies skin over the prominence of the cheek.
Zygomaticotemporal nerve supplies skin over the temple.

Branches of Mandibular Nerve

Mental nerve supplies the lower lip and chin.
Buccal nerve supplies skin over a small area of the cheek.
Auriculotemporal nerve supplies the skin of the auricle and scalp above it.

Important Muscles of Face

Orbicularis oculi arises from the medial palpebral ligament, inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe, and closes the eyelids.
Orbicularis oris encircles the oral orifice and compresses the lips.
Buccinator compresses the cheeks and lips, positioning food for chewing.

Arterial Supply of Face

The facial artery arises from the external carotid artery and supplies the face.
The superficial temporal artery arises from the external carotid artery and supplies the scalp and face.

Venous Drainage of Face

The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye, descends behind the facial artery, and joins the retromandibular vein. It empties into the internal jugular vein.
The transverse facial vein joins the superficial temporal vein.

Lymphatic Drainage of Face

The forehead and anterior face drain into submandibular lymph nodes.
The lateral face drains into parotid lymph nodes.
The central part of the lower lip and the chin drain into submental lymph nodes.

In-Class Exercises

Questions about sensory nerves, mandibular fractures, scalp layers, facial nerve branches, and muscle insertions were part of the exercises.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the mandible and the muscles associated with the scalp in this detailed quiz. Explore key structures, their functions, and anatomical features crucial for understanding facial anatomy. Perfect for students of anatomy and medical professionals alike.