Podcast
Questions and Answers
What formation characterizes the body of the mandible?
What formation characterizes the body of the mandible?
- Flat structure
- Circular structure
- Triangular structure
- Horseshoe-shaped structure (correct)
Which feature of the mandible is found in the midline and appears as a faint ridge?
Which feature of the mandible is found in the midline and appears as a faint ridge?
- Mental tubercle
- Mylohyoid line
- Symphysis menti (correct)
- Oblique line
Where is the mental foramen located in the mandible?
Where is the mental foramen located in the mandible?
- Above the mental protuberance
- Below the symphysis menti
- Above the oblique line (correct)
- Above the superior genial tubercle
What is contained within the submandibular fossa of the mandible?
What is contained within the submandibular fossa of the mandible?
What is the primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Which of the following layers is included in the definition of the scalp?
Which of the following layers is included in the definition of the scalp?
What structure does the mandibular foramen lead to?
What structure does the mandibular foramen lead to?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the inner surface of the mandible?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the inner surface of the mandible?
What is the role of the epicranial aponeurosis?
What is the role of the epicranial aponeurosis?
Which layer occupies the subaponeurotic space and allows movement of the scalp?
Which layer occupies the subaponeurotic space and allows movement of the scalp?
What is the origin of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the origin of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Which of the following nerves supplies the scalp close to the median plane as far as the vertex?
Which of the following nerves supplies the scalp close to the median plane as far as the vertex?
What is the main nerve supply to the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the main nerve supply to the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Which branch of the cervical spinal nerves supplies the lateral part of the occipital region?
Which branch of the cervical spinal nerves supplies the lateral part of the occipital region?
Which tissue connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull?
Which tissue connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull?
What action is performed by the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What action is performed by the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Which nerve supplies the skin of the dorsal part of the scalp as far as the vertex?
Which nerve supplies the skin of the dorsal part of the scalp as far as the vertex?
Which artery ascends over the forehead accompanying the supratrochlear nerve?
Which artery ascends over the forehead accompanying the supratrochlear nerve?
What does the superficial temporal artery divide into?
What does the superficial temporal artery divide into?
What structure does the posterior auricular vein unite with to form the external jugular vein?
What structure does the posterior auricular vein unite with to form the external jugular vein?
Which of the following nerves supplies the skin over the temporal region?
Which of the following nerves supplies the skin over the temporal region?
Which artery supplies the scalp above and behind the auricle?
Which artery supplies the scalp above and behind the auricle?
Which nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus supplying the lateral part of the occipital region?
Which nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus supplying the lateral part of the occipital region?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory supply of the scalp near the midline?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory supply of the scalp near the midline?
What lymph nodes drain the anterior part of the scalp and forehead?
What lymph nodes drain the anterior part of the scalp and forehead?
Which nerve supplies the skin of the lateral part of the upper eyelid?
Which nerve supplies the skin of the lateral part of the upper eyelid?
What is the primary sensory nerve supply for the skin on the lower lip and chin?
What is the primary sensory nerve supply for the skin on the lower lip and chin?
Which part of the face does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?
Which part of the face does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?
What drains into the superficial parotid nodes?
What drains into the superficial parotid nodes?
Which cranial nerve division primarily supplies the skin on the medial part of the lower eyelid?
Which cranial nerve division primarily supplies the skin on the medial part of the lower eyelid?
Which structure does the occipital vein drain into?
Which structure does the occipital vein drain into?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the facial skeleton?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the facial skeleton?
Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the medial part of the upper eyelid and forehead?
Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the medial part of the upper eyelid and forehead?
Which artery provides the blood supply for the skin on the side and dorsum of the nose?
Which artery provides the blood supply for the skin on the side and dorsum of the nose?
What is the origin of the facial artery?
What is the origin of the facial artery?
For which area does the infraorbital nerve provide sensory supply?
For which area does the infraorbital nerve provide sensory supply?
Which artery is the terminal part of the facial artery at the angle of the eye?
Which artery is the terminal part of the facial artery at the angle of the eye?
What does the lacrimal nerve primarily supply?
What does the lacrimal nerve primarily supply?
Which of the following branches of the facial artery supplies the chin and lower lip?
Which of the following branches of the facial artery supplies the chin and lower lip?
Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the skin over the prominence of the cheek?
Which nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the skin over the prominence of the cheek?
What is the primary action of the orbicularis oris muscle?
What is the primary action of the orbicularis oris muscle?
Which artery is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
Which artery is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
Where does the facial vein drain into?
Where does the facial vein drain into?
What is the function of the buccinator muscle?
What is the function of the buccinator muscle?
Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the orbicularis oris?
Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the orbicularis oris?
Which part of the face drains lymph into the submandibular lymph nodes?
Which part of the face drains lymph into the submandibular lymph nodes?
What vein joins the superficial temporal vein?
What vein joins the superficial temporal vein?
Which structure provides the nerve supply for the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?
Which structure provides the nerve supply for the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?
Flashcards
Mandible
Mandible
The bony structure that forms the lower jaw, consisting of a horseshoe-shaped body and two vertical rami.
Symphysis Menti
Symphysis Menti
A prominent vertical ridge in the midline of mandible's body, where right and left halves of the jaw fuse during development.
Mental Protuberance
Mental Protuberance
The triangular projection below the symphysis menti, forming the bulk of the chin.
Mental Tubercle
Mental Tubercle
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Oblique Line
Oblique Line
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Mental Foramen
Mental Foramen
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Mylohyoid Line
Mylohyoid Line
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Submandibular Fossa
Submandibular Fossa
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What is the epicranial aponeurosis?
What is the epicranial aponeurosis?
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What is the loose areolar tissue in the scalp?
What is the loose areolar tissue in the scalp?
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What is the pericranium?
What is the pericranium?
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What is the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the occipitofrontalis muscle?
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How are the sensory nerves of the scalp arranged?
How are the sensory nerves of the scalp arranged?
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What does the supratrochlear nerve supply?
What does the supratrochlear nerve supply?
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What does the supraorbital nerve supply?
What does the supraorbital nerve supply?
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What does the lesser occipital nerve supply?
What does the lesser occipital nerve supply?
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Where does the occipital vein drain?
Where does the occipital vein drain?
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What lymph nodes does the anterior scalp drain into?
What lymph nodes does the anterior scalp drain into?
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Where does the lateral scalp above the ear drain into?
Where does the lateral scalp above the ear drain into?
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What lymph nodes does the scalp above and behind the ear drain into?
What lymph nodes does the scalp above and behind the ear drain into?
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Where does the back of the scalp drain into?
Where does the back of the scalp drain into?
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Describe the boundaries of the face
Describe the boundaries of the face
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Which nerve mainly supplies the skin of the face?
Which nerve mainly supplies the skin of the face?
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What nerve supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible?
What nerve supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible?
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What is the function of the greater occipital nerve?
What is the function of the greater occipital nerve?
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How do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves differ in their distribution?
How do the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves differ in their distribution?
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Which nerve is responsible for supplying the skin over the temple?
Which nerve is responsible for supplying the skin over the temple?
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What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin near the ear?
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin near the ear?
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How does the lesser occipital nerve differ from the greater occipital nerve in its supply?
How does the lesser occipital nerve differ from the greater occipital nerve in its supply?
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What artery supplies the skin over the frontal and temporal regions?
What artery supplies the skin over the frontal and temporal regions?
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What artery supplies the skin over the back of the scalp?
What artery supplies the skin over the back of the scalp?
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How do the superficial temporal and posterior auricular veins contribute to the venous drainage of the scalp?
How do the superficial temporal and posterior auricular veins contribute to the venous drainage of the scalp?
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Supratrochlear Nerve
Supratrochlear Nerve
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Inratrochlear Nerve
Inratrochlear Nerve
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Lacrimal Nerve
Lacrimal Nerve
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External Nasal Nerve
External Nasal Nerve
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Facial Artery
Facial Artery
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Submental Artery
Submental Artery
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Inferior Labial Artery
Inferior Labial Artery
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Superior Labial Artery
Superior Labial Artery
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Superficial Temporal Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery
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Facial vein
Facial vein
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Transverse Facial Vein
Transverse Facial Vein
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Orbicularis Oculi muscle
Orbicularis Oculi muscle
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Orbicularis Oris muscle
Orbicularis Oris muscle
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Buccinator muscle
Buccinator muscle
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Facial Nerve
Facial Nerve
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Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve
Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve
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Study Notes
Mandibular, Scalp & Face
- The lecture covered the mandible, scalp, and face, and included objectives, anatomy, and the associated structures.
- The session's date was 13-17/10/2024.
- The lecturer(s) were Dr. Mona Zoair and Prof. Doaa Haiba.
- The institution was Al Salam University.
Mandibular Anatomy
- The mandible is horseshoe-shaped and has two rami (right and left).
- Features of the mandibular body (outer surface) include the symphysis menti, mental protuberance, mental tubercle, oblique line, and mental foramen.
- The mandibular body (inner surface) features include the mylohyoid line, submandibular fossa, sublingual fossa, superior genial tubercle, and inferior genial tubercle.
- The ramus of the mandible features the mandibular foramen, lingula, and mylohyoid groove.
- The mandible's processes include the coronoid process and condyloid process with head and neck.
- The borders of the ramus of the mandible involve the anterior border, posterior border, and superior border.
Scalp Anatomy
- The scalp is the soft tissue covering the skull cap.
- It extends from the superciliary arches to the external occipital protuberance.
- The scalp's layers are skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, and pericranium.
- The connective tissue layer is a dense fibrofatty layer with fibrous septa that unite the skin to the underlying epicranial aponeurosis.
- The epicranial aponeurosis is a sheet that joins the occipital and frontal bellies.
- Loose areolar tissue occupies the subaponeurotic space.
- The pericranium is the periosteum of the skull bones, contains blood vessels, and emissary veins.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
- Origin: the highest nuchal line, skin and superficial fascia of eyebrow.
- Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis.
- Nerve supply: facial nerve.
- Action: moves scalp on skull and raises the eyebrow.
Sensory Nerve Supply of Scalp
- The scalp is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve (anterior) and cervical spinal nerves (posterior).
- The trigeminal nerve branches include supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, and auriculotemporal nerve.
- Cervical spinal nerves include the greater occipital nerve, third occipital nerve, and lesser occipital nerve.
Arterial Supply of Scalp
- The scalp has a blood supply from the supratrochlear artery, supraorbital artery, superficial temporal artery, and posterior auricular artery, and occipital artery.
Venous Drainage of Scalp
- Superficial temporal vein joins the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein.
- Posterior auricular vein joins the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.
- Occipital vein drains into vertebral and internal jugular veins.
Lymphatic Drainage of Scalp
- The anterior part drains to submandibular lymph nodes.
- The lateral part drains to the superficial parotid (preauricular) nodes.
- The back part drains to occipital nodes.
Face Anatomy
- The face extends from superciliary arches to the mandible inferiorly and to the auricles laterally.
- Facial skeleton includes frontal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, maxillary process, nasal bone, and zygomatic bone.
Sensory Nerve Supply of Face
- The face is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves).
- A small area over the angle of the mandible is supplied by the great auricular nerve.
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve
- Lacrimal nerve supplies the lateral part of the upper eyelid.
- Supraorbital nerve supplies the central part of the upper eyelid and forehead.
- Supratrochlear nerve supplies the medial part of the upper eyelid and lower forehead.
- Infratrochlear nerve supplies the medial part of the lower eyelid and side of the nose.
- External nasal nerve supplies skin on side of nose.
Branches of Maxillary Nerve
- Infraorbital nerve supplies the lower eyelid, cheek, side of nose, and upper lip.
- Zygomaticofacial nerve supplies skin over the prominence of the cheek.
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve supplies skin over the temple.
Branches of Mandibular Nerve
- Mental nerve supplies the lower lip and chin.
- Buccal nerve supplies skin over a small area of the cheek.
- Auriculotemporal nerve supplies the skin of the auricle and scalp above it.
Important Muscles of Face
- Orbicularis oculi arises from the medial palpebral ligament, inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe, and closes the eyelids.
- Orbicularis oris encircles the oral orifice and compresses the lips.
- Buccinator compresses the cheeks and lips, positioning food for chewing.
Arterial Supply of Face
- The facial artery arises from the external carotid artery and supplies the face.
- The superficial temporal artery arises from the external carotid artery and supplies the scalp and face.
Venous Drainage of Face
- The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye, descends behind the facial artery, and joins the retromandibular vein. It empties into the internal jugular vein.
- The transverse facial vein joins the superficial temporal vein.
Lymphatic Drainage of Face
- The forehead and anterior face drain into submandibular lymph nodes.
- The lateral face drains into parotid lymph nodes.
- The central part of the lower lip and the chin drain into submental lymph nodes.
In-Class Exercises
- Questions about sensory nerves, mandibular fractures, scalp layers, facial nerve branches, and muscle insertions were part of the exercises.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the mandible and the muscles associated with the scalp in this detailed quiz. Explore key structures, their functions, and anatomical features crucial for understanding facial anatomy. Perfect for students of anatomy and medical professionals alike.
