Anatomy Quiz: Lower Limb and Heart

Muscles and Attachments

• The pes anserinus, or goose foot, is the name of the muscles' attachments: sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus on the tibia.
• Conoid tubercle is a bony prominence on the scapula.
• The rotator cuff muscles are: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.

Anatomy of the Heart

• The heart's inferior margin is made largely by the right ventricle.
• The atrioventricular node is located in the right atrium.

Eye and Ear

• The macula lutea is present in the nervous layer of the eye.
• The ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve.
• The chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that transmits taste.

Nervous System

• The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
• The cervical plexus gives rise to the greater auricular, lesser occipital, and ansa cervicalis nerves.
• The sciaic nerve passes through the greater sciatic foramen.

Vertebral Column

• The typical cervical vertebrae have a groove for the vertebral artery.
• The typical thoracic vertebrae have a bi-fid spinous process.
• The axis has a superior vertebral notch.

Abdominal and Pelvic Regions

• The ejaculatory duct is formed by the connection of the terminal parts of the deferent duct and duct of the seminal vesicles.
• The duodenum has a major papilla that lies above the minor one.
• The urethra is in the corpus spongiosum of the penis.

Blood Vessels

• The axillary artery is divided into three parts relative to the pectoralis minor muscle.
• The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to the right common carotid artery.
• The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.

Other

• The thyroid gland consists of two lobes and an isthmus.
• The posterior mediastinum contains the esophagus and descending aorta.
• The femoral triangle contains the femoral artery, femoral nerve, and great saphenous vein.### Male Reproductive System
• Epididymis: has head, neck, body, and fundus; connects testicle to deferent duct; and is part of spermatic cord.

Muscles of Mastication

• Masseter and medial pterygoid: muscles of mastication.

Retroperitoneal Organs

• Kidney: a retroperitoneal organ.

Axillary Space

• Quadrangular space: contains axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery; bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle and lateral head of triceps.

Ear Anatomy

• Tympanic membrane: has umbo.

Brain Anatomy

• Motor area: located in the frontal lobe.
• Prosencephalon (forebrain): contains diencephalon.
• Midbrain: nucleus ruber exists in the midbrain.

Vertebral Column

• Atlas (C1): has no spinous process.

Cardiovascular System

• Right coronary artery: shorter than left coronary artery; supplies anterior interventricular branch; and branched in the posterior interventricular groove.

Lower Limb Anatomy

• Deep fibular nerve: innervates all anterior muscular compartment of the leg.

Gastrointestinal System

• Appendix: narrow, hollow tube connecting to ascending colon; and has large aggregations of lymphoid tissue.

Pelvic Diaphragm

• Coccygeus muscle: forms the pelvic diaphragm.

Nerve Anatomy

• Phrenic nerve: originates from C3-C5 spinal nerves; provides motor function to the diaphragm; and is the only nerve that provides motor function to the diaphragm.

Epithalamus

• Posterior commissure: part of the epithalamus.

Diaphragm

• Vagus nerve: passes through the esophageal hiatus at the level of T10.

Heart

• Great cardiac vein: goes with the coronary sinus.

Stomach

• Lesser curvature: attached to the greater omentum.

Spleen

• Supplied mainly by the splenic artery; and is not a gastrointestinal gland.

Female Reproductive System

• Optimal part of the uterine tube for fertilization: ampulla.

Larynx Anatomy

• Inlet of the larynx: bounded by the upper margin of the epiglottis, base of the tongue, and middle part of the thyroid cartilage.

Urinary Bladder

• Urinary trigone: an area in the urinary bladder.

Foot Anatomy

• Lumbrical muscles: found on the plantar side of the foot.

Liver

• Supplied by the right and left hepatic artery from the hepatic artery proper; and has a bare area located at the visceral surface.

Thyroid Cartilage

• Thyroid cartilage: has two lamina.

Parietal Peritoneum

• Not innervated by the phrenic nerve.

Wrist Anatomy

• Carpal tunnel: contains median nerve and tendons of extensor digitorum superficialis and profundus.

Anterior Axillary Fold

• Formed by the inferior border of pectoralis major muscle.

Lung Anatomy

• Left lung: has 2 lobes and 2 fissures; and has a functional and nutritional blood supply.

Brain Stem

• Contains the pons and medulla oblongata, but not the cerebellum or spinal cord.

Abdominal Wall

• Pyramidalis: tenses the linea alba.

CSF Circulation

• CSF circulation: lateral ventricle – aqueduct – fourth ventricle – subarachnoid space – third ventricle.

Aorta

• Aortic arch: branches into the left subclavian artery.

Larynx Muscles

• Posterior cricoarytenoid: an abductor of the larynx.

Scapula

• Scapula: has a coracoid process.

Umbilical Fold

• Median umbilical fold: contains remnants of the urachus.

Ribcage

• Costal groove: typical for the 3rd to 10th ribs.

Arm Anatomy

• Triceps brachii: has a long, medial, and lateral head; and inserts to the olecranon.

Popliteal Fossa

• Popliteal artery: is the deepest of the neurovascular structures in the popliteal fossa.

Anatomy of the Body

• Pes anserinus (Goose foot): where the muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) attach to the tibia.

Heart

• Normal position of the heart in situ: the inferior border is made largely by the right ventricle.

Scapula

• Conoid tubercle: located on the scapula.

Eye

• Macula lutea: present in the nervous layer of the eye.

Nervous System

• Cervical plexus: doesn't originate the phrenic nerve.
• Ciliary ganglion: receives parasympathetic bers from the greater petrosal nerve.
• Accessory nerve: innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Muscles

• Rotator cuff muscles: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
• Thenar muscles of the hand: opponens pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis brevis.
• Anterior group of forearm muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris.

Osteology

• Cervical vertebrae: have a non-bifid spinous process with a groove for the vertebral artery.
• Thoracic vertebrae: have a costal facet on the body.

Nerve Pathways

• Sciatic nerve: passes through the greater sciatic foramen with the inferior gluteal nerve.
• Brachial plexus: the radial nerve and axillary nerve are branches of the posterior cord.

Other

• Conduction system of the heart: atrioventricular node is in the right atrium.
• Duct of the submandibular gland: opens on the sublingual caruncle.

Note: There are many questions in the original text, and not all of them have been included in these study notes. I focused on the most relevant and concise information.### Anatomy

• Epididymis: a tube that connects the testicle to the deferent duct
• Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles: muscles of mastication
• Kidney: a retroperitoneal organ
• Quadrangular space of axilla: transmits axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
• Tympanic membrane: contains the umbo
• Motor area: located in the frontal lobe
• Prosencephalon (forebrain): contains the diencephalon
• Atlas (C1): has no spinous process, vertebral body, and superior and inferior articular processes

Neuroanatomy

• Brain stem: contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
• Cerebellum: contains the ruber nucleus
• Phrenic nerve: originates from C3-C5 spinal nerves, innervates diaphragm
• Epithalamus: contains the posterior commissure and lateral geniculate bodies

Cardiovascular System

• Right coronary artery: gives anterior interventricular branch, supplies ventricles
• Great cardiac vein: goes with coronary sinus
• Liver: supplied by right and left hepatic arteries from hepatic artery proper

Gastrointestinal System

• Stomach: has lesser curvature, supplied by short gastric arteries
• Appendix: narrow, hollow tube connecting to ascending colon, has large aggregations of lymphoid tissue
• Spleen: supplied mainly by splenic artery, retroperitoneal organ

Urinary System

• Urinary bladder: has urinary trigone, suppliers by internal iliac artery
• Uterine tube: ampulla is the best part for fertilization

Muscular System

• Pelvic diaphragm: formed by coccygeus muscle
• Larynx: inlet bounded by upper margin of epiglottis, base of tongue, middle part of thyroid cartilage, and thyroepiglottic folds
• Foot: plantar side has lumbrical muscles, abductor hallucis brevis muscle

Miscellaneous

• Thyroid cartilage: has two lamina, stalk, vocal process, and base
• Carpal tunnel: does not contain ulnar nerve
• Parietal peritoneum: not innervated by phrenic nerve

Anatomy of the Body

• Pes anserinus (Goose foot): where the muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) attach to the tibia.

Heart

• Normal position of the heart in situ: the inferior border is made largely by the right ventricle.

Scapula

• Conoid tubercle: located on the scapula.

Eye

• Macula lutea: present in the nervous layer of the eye.

Nervous System

• Cervical plexus: doesn't originate the phrenic nerve.
• Ciliary ganglion: receives parasympathetic bers from the greater petrosal nerve.
• Accessory nerve: innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Muscles

• Rotator cuff muscles: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
• Thenar muscles of the hand: opponens pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis brevis.
• Anterior group of forearm muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris.

Osteology

• Cervical vertebrae: have a non-bifid spinous process with a groove for the vertebral artery.
• Thoracic vertebrae: have a costal facet on the body.

Nerve Pathways

• Sciatic nerve: passes through the greater sciatic foramen with the inferior gluteal nerve.
• Brachial plexus: the radial nerve and axillary nerve are branches of the posterior cord.

Other

• Conduction system of the heart: atrioventricular node is in the right atrium.
• Duct of the submandibular gland: opens on the sublingual caruncle.

Note: There are many questions in the original text, and not all of them have been included in these study notes. I focused on the most relevant and concise information.### Anatomy

• Epididymis: a tube that connects the testicle to the deferent duct
• Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles: muscles of mastication
• Kidney: a retroperitoneal organ
• Quadrangular space of axilla: transmits axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
• Tympanic membrane: contains the umbo
• Motor area: located in the frontal lobe
• Prosencephalon (forebrain): contains the diencephalon
• Atlas (C1): has no spinous process, vertebral body, and superior and inferior articular processes

Neuroanatomy

• Brain stem: contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
• Cerebellum: contains the ruber nucleus
• Phrenic nerve: originates from C3-C5 spinal nerves, innervates diaphragm
• Epithalamus: contains the posterior commissure and lateral geniculate bodies

Cardiovascular System

• Right coronary artery: gives anterior interventricular branch, supplies ventricles
• Great cardiac vein: goes with coronary sinus
• Liver: supplied by right and left hepatic arteries from hepatic artery proper

Gastrointestinal System

• Stomach: has lesser curvature, supplied by short gastric arteries
• Appendix: narrow, hollow tube connecting to ascending colon, has large aggregations of lymphoid tissue
• Spleen: supplied mainly by splenic artery, retroperitoneal organ

Urinary System

• Urinary bladder: has urinary trigone, suppliers by internal iliac artery
• Uterine tube: ampulla is the best part for fertilization

Muscular System

• Pelvic diaphragm: formed by coccygeus muscle
• Larynx: inlet bounded by upper margin of epiglottis, base of tongue, middle part of thyroid cartilage, and thyroepiglottic folds
• Foot: plantar side has lumbrical muscles, abductor hallucis brevis muscle

Miscellaneous

• Thyroid cartilage: has two lamina, stalk, vocal process, and base
• Carpal tunnel: does not contain ulnar nerve
• Parietal peritoneum: not innervated by phrenic nerve