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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?
Which muscle is responsible for elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid?
Which muscle is responsible for elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid?
Which layer of the skull does the frontalis muscle originate from?
Which layer of the skull does the frontalis muscle originate from?
Which layer of the skull does the occipitalis muscle insert into?
Which layer of the skull does the occipitalis muscle insert into?
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Which muscle is arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids?
Which muscle is arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids?
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What is responsible for the mobility of the scalp?
What is responsible for the mobility of the scalp?
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What is the physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens?
What is the physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens?
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What is the layer of the skull that is continuous with muscle?
What is the layer of the skull that is continuous with muscle?
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Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ?
Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ?
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Which movement is involved in the opening of the mouth?
Which movement is involved in the opening of the mouth?
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What can cause dislocation of the TMJ?
What can cause dislocation of the TMJ?
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Which arteries supply the brain?
Which arteries supply the brain?
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Which arteries supply the face and neck?
Which arteries supply the face and neck?
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What are the two main veins of the neck that drain all of the blood from the head and neck?
What are the two main veins of the neck that drain all of the blood from the head and neck?
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How many pairs of spinal nerves serve the head and neck?
How many pairs of spinal nerves serve the head and neck?
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
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What are the routes by which all signals travel from the brain and spinal cord to the body structures such as muscles, skin, and organs?
What are the routes by which all signals travel from the brain and spinal cord to the body structures such as muscles, skin, and organs?
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What can sensory signals be?
What can sensory signals be?
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Which muscles close and protrude the lips, as in kissing?
Which muscles close and protrude the lips, as in kissing?
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Which muscle presses the cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling?
Which muscle presses the cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling?
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Which muscles retract the lower lip?
Which muscles retract the lower lip?
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Which muscles radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure?
Which muscles radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure?
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Which muscles are responsible for mastication?
Which muscles are responsible for mastication?
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Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible?
Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible?
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Which muscle originates from the zygomatic arch?
Which muscle originates from the zygomatic arch?
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Which muscle inserts on the medial surface of the angle of the mandible?
Which muscle inserts on the medial surface of the angle of the mandible?
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Which muscle originates from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and inserts on the articular disc and the neck of the mandible?
Which muscle originates from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and inserts on the articular disc and the neck of the mandible?
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Which muscles are responsible for the elevation of the mandible (closing the mouth)?
Which muscles are responsible for the elevation of the mandible (closing the mouth)?
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Which muscles are responsible for the depression of the mandible (opening the mouth)?
Which muscles are responsible for the depression of the mandible (opening the mouth)?
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Which muscles are responsible for the protrusion of the mandible (protruding the chin)?
Which muscles are responsible for the protrusion of the mandible (protruding the chin)?
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Which muscles are involved in lateral movements of the mandible?
Which muscles are involved in lateral movements of the mandible?
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Which muscle retrudes the chin?
Which muscle retrudes the chin?
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Which artery supplies blood to the larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thyroid?
Which artery supplies blood to the larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thyroid?
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Which artery supplies blood to the face and neck?
Which artery supplies blood to the face and neck?
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Which artery supplies the brain with oxygenated blood?
Which artery supplies the brain with oxygenated blood?
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Which artery supplies blood to the eyes?
Which artery supplies blood to the eyes?
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Which artery supplies blood to the back of the scapula?
Which artery supplies blood to the back of the scapula?
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Which vein drains all blood from the head and neck?
Which vein drains all blood from the head and neck?
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What are the three main venous systems that contribute to the venous drainage of the head and neck?
What are the three main venous systems that contribute to the venous drainage of the head and neck?
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Which artery supplies blood to the brain and eyes?
Which artery supplies blood to the brain and eyes?
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How many branches does the aorta have?
How many branches does the aorta have?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
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Which subsystem of the peripheral nerves is responsible for automatic functions?
Which subsystem of the peripheral nerves is responsible for automatic functions?
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How many pairs of spinal nerves serve the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb?
How many pairs of spinal nerves serve the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb?
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Which cranial nerve is number 10?
Which cranial nerve is number 10?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
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Which cranial nerve is number 7?
Which cranial nerve is number 7?
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Which cranial nerve is number 5
Which cranial nerve is number 5
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List the five branches of cranial nerve 7
List the five branches of cranial nerve 7
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Face and Eye
- Orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids.
- Levator palpebrae superioris muscle elevates and retracts the upper eyelid.
- Frontalis muscle originates from the epicranial aponeurosis in the skull.
- Occipitalis muscle inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis layer of the skull.
- Orbicularis oris muscle is arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids.
- Galea aponeurotica provides mobility of the scalp.
Protective Structures and Layer Relations
- The skin acts as a physical barrier from trauma and pathogens.
- The periosteum layer of the skull is continuous with the underlying muscles.
- Sphenomandibular ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement at the TMJ.
Mandibular Movements and TMJ Dislocation
- Mouth opening involves depression of the mandible.
- Dislocation of the TMJ can be caused by trauma or excessive mouth opening.
Vascular Supply
- The internal carotid and vertebral arteries supply blood to the brain.
- The external carotid artery supplies the face and neck.
- Internal and external jugular veins are the main veins draining blood from the head and neck.
Nervous System Innervation
- There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves serving the head and neck.
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, including those for sensory and motor functions.
Signal Pathways
- Signals travel via peripheral nerves from the central nervous system to various body structures including muscles, skin, and organs.
- Sensory signals can include touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception.
Muscle Functions Related to Facial Expressions
- The orbicularis oris muscle closes and protrudes the lips (e.g., in kissing).
- Buccinator muscle presses cheeks against teeth and lips (e.g., in whistling).
- Depressor labii inferioris retracts the lower lip.
- Zygomaticus major and minor muscles retract the corners of the mouth.
Muscles of Mastication
- Masseter muscle inserts on the angle and ramus of the mandible.
- Temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles assist in elevating, depressing, protruding, and laterally moving the mandible.
Blood Supply and Drainage in the Head and Neck
- Superior thyroid artery supplies blood to the larynx, trachea, esophagus, and thyroid.
- Facial artery supplies blood to the face and neck.
- Middle cerebral artery supplies the brain with oxygenated blood.
- Ophthalmic artery supplies blood to the eyes.
- Dorsal scapular artery supplies blood to the back of the scapula.
- Internal jugular vein drains all blood from the head and neck.
Venous Systems
- The three main venous systems for drainage include the internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, and vertebral venous plexus.
- The common carotid artery supplies blood to both the brain and eyes.
Aortic Branches and Cranial Nerve Functions
- The aorta has three main branches.
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensory innervation for the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches.
- Facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for motor innervation of muscles of facial expression.
- The autonomic functions are managed by the autonomic nervous system.
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves for general functions.
- Vagus nerve (CN X) is known for various autonomic functions.
- Olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of smell.
- Accessory nerve (CN XI) and facial nerve (CN VII) have distinct functions related to muscle innervation.
Branches of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical
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Description
Test your knowledge of the face, scalp, muscles of mastication, TMJ, neck vasculature, and introduction to cranial nerves with this quiz based on BMS Anatomy Lecture 4.
