Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the epiphysis?
What is the epiphysis?
- Site of compact bone in adults
- Site of spongy bone in adults (correct)
- Scientific name for bone shaft
- Site of fat storage in adults
What does the diaphysis refer to?
What does the diaphysis refer to?
Scientific name for bone shaft.
What is the role of red marrow?
What is the role of red marrow?
Site of hematopoiesis in the adult.
What is yellow marrow responsible for?
What is yellow marrow responsible for?
What does the epiphyseal plate indicate?
What does the epiphyseal plate indicate?
When blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels, ___________ is released, causing calcium to be released from bones.
When blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels, ___________ is released, causing calcium to be released from bones.
Mature bone cells, called ________, maintain bone in a viable state.
Mature bone cells, called ________, maintain bone in a viable state.
Disuse such as that caused by paralysis or severe lack of exercise results in muscle and bone ______.
Disuse such as that caused by paralysis or severe lack of exercise results in muscle and bone ______.
Large tubercles and/or increased deposit of bony matrix occur at sites of __________.
Large tubercles and/or increased deposit of bony matrix occur at sites of __________.
Immature, or matrix-depositing, bone cells are referred to as _________.
Immature, or matrix-depositing, bone cells are referred to as _________.
__________ causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts.
__________ causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts.
Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood are called _________.
Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood are called _________.
Our astronauts must do isometric exercises when in space because bone atrophy under conditions of weightlessness or lack of __________.
Our astronauts must do isometric exercises when in space because bone atrophy under conditions of weightlessness or lack of __________.
What are concentric lamellae?
What are concentric lamellae?
What are lacunae?
What are lacunae?
What is the central canal?
What is the central canal?
What constitutes bone matrix?
What constitutes bone matrix?
What are canaliculi?
What are canaliculi?
What is the endochondral ossification process?
What is the endochondral ossification process?
When a bone forms from a fibrous membrane, the process is called _________ ossification.
When a bone forms from a fibrous membrane, the process is called _________ ossification.
When trapped in lacunae, osteoblasts change into __________.
When trapped in lacunae, osteoblasts change into __________.
____________ ossification centers appear in the epiphyses of a long bone.
____________ ossification centers appear in the epiphyses of a long bone.
Epiphyseal plates are made of ________ _________.
Epiphyseal plates are made of ________ _________.
In appositional growth, bone reabsorption occurs on the __________ surface.
In appositional growth, bone reabsorption occurs on the __________ surface.
"Maturation" of newly formed (non-calcified) bone matrix takes about __________.
"Maturation" of newly formed (non-calcified) bone matrix takes about __________.
What are sinuses?
What are sinuses?
What purpose do sinuses serve in the skull?
What purpose do sinuses serve in the skull?
Why are sinuses so susceptible to infection?
Why are sinuses so susceptible to infection?
What is the vertebral arch?
What is the vertebral arch?
What is the body of the vertebral column?
What is the body of the vertebral column?
What is the spinous process?
What is the spinous process?
What is the transverse process?
What is the transverse process?
What are intervertebral foramina?
What are intervertebral foramina?
What characterizes the atlas vertebra?
What characterizes the atlas vertebra?
What is the significance of the axis vertebra?
What is the significance of the axis vertebra?
What are thoracic vertebrae characterized by?
What are thoracic vertebrae characterized by?
What is the sacrum?
What is the sacrum?
What characterizes lumbar vertebrae?
What characterizes lumbar vertebrae?
What is the coccyx?
What is the coccyx?
What is the function of the acromion?
What is the function of the acromion?
What are the bones composing the shoulder girdle?
What are the bones composing the shoulder girdle?
What is the glenoid cavity?
What is the glenoid cavity?
What is the role of the coracoid process?
What is the role of the coracoid process?
What does the trochlea do?
What does the trochlea do?
Where is the ulna located?
Where is the ulna located?
What is the capitulum?
What is the capitulum?
What is the coronoid fossa?
What is the coronoid fossa?
What articulates with the clavicle?
What articulates with the clavicle?
What characterizes the female pelvis?
What characterizes the female pelvis?
Which bones fuse to form the coxal bone?
Which bones fuse to form the coxal bone?
What is the ischial tuberosity?
What is the ischial tuberosity?
What does the pubic symphysis indicate?
What does the pubic symphysis indicate?
What is the iliac crest?
What is the iliac crest?
What is the function of the acetabulum?
What is the function of the acetabulum?
What is the sacroiliac joint?
What is the sacroiliac joint?
What does the femur represent?
What does the femur represent?
What is the fibula's characteristic?
What is the fibula's characteristic?
What is the tibia also known as?
What is the tibia also known as?
What bones form the knee joint?
What bones form the knee joint?
What is the function of the tibial tuberosity?
What is the function of the tibial tuberosity?
What is the patella commonly known as?
What is the patella commonly known as?
What does the medial malleolus refer to?
What does the medial malleolus refer to?
What is the lateral malleolus?
What is the lateral malleolus?
What is the calcaneus?
What is the calcaneus?
What do tarsals represent?
What do tarsals represent?
What are metatarsals?
What are metatarsals?
What is the obturator foramen?
What is the obturator foramen?
Where are the greater and lesser trochanters located?
Where are the greater and lesser trochanters located?
What is the talus?
What is the talus?
The __________ girdle is formed by the articulation of the coxal bones and the sacrum.
The __________ girdle is formed by the articulation of the coxal bones and the sacrum.
What are phalanges?
What are phalanges?
The tough, fibrous connective tissue covering of a bone is the ___________.
The tough, fibrous connective tissue covering of a bone is the ___________.
What is the sciatic nerve?
What is the sciatic nerve?
The long bones of a fetus are constructed of __________ cartilage.
The long bones of a fetus are constructed of __________ cartilage.
Which bones provide the most protection to the abdominal viscera?
Which bones provide the most protection to the abdominal viscera?
What is the foramen magnum?
What is the foramen magnum?
What is hematoma formation?
What is hematoma formation?
What is kyphosis?
What is kyphosis?
What is a simple fracture?
What is a simple fracture?
What is closed reduction?
What is closed reduction?
What is a greenstick fracture?
What is a greenstick fracture?
What is a compression fracture?
What is a compression fracture?
What does a compound fracture involve?
What does a compound fracture involve?
What is open reduction?
What is open reduction?
What are spiral fractures?
What are spiral fractures?
A _________ usually forms at a fracture site.
A _________ usually forms at a fracture site.
Nonbony debris at the fracture site is removed by __________.
Nonbony debris at the fracture site is removed by __________.
Growth of a new capillary supply into the region produces __________ __________.
Growth of a new capillary supply into the region produces __________ __________.
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The epiphysis is the site of spongy bone and hematopoiesis in adults.
- The diaphysis, or bone shaft, consists of compact bone.
Bone Marrow Types
- Red marrow functions as the site for hematopoiesis, while yellow marrow primarily stores fat.
Growth and Development
- The epiphyseal plate is crucial for longitudinal growth in children.
- The endochondral ossification process transforms a cartilage model into bone through multiple stages, including periosteum formation and cavity growth.
Bone Cells
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone; they can die if deprived of nutrients.
- Osteoblasts are immature, matrix-depositing cells found in the periosteum and are converted from osteoblasts when trapped in lacunae.
- Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation
- Parathyroid hormone triggers calcium release from bones when blood calcium levels are low.
- Calcitonin facilitates the deposition of calcium in bones, lowering blood calcium levels.
Bone Structure
- Concentric lamellae are layers of calcified matrix; canaliculi are tiny canals connecting lacunae where osteocytes reside.
- The central canal houses blood vessels and nerves, contributing to the bone's vascular structure.
Abnormalities and Conditions
- Atrophy affects muscles and bones due to disuse (e.g., paralysis, lack of exercise).
- Abnormal spinal curvatures include kyphosis (exaggerated thoracic curve) and scoliosis (lateral displacement of the vertebral column).
Vertebrae Anatomy
- The vertebral arch encloses the spinal cord; the body bears weight and articulates with ribs.
- Spinous and transverse processes provide leverage for muscle attachment and rib articulation.
Ribs Classification
- True ribs (1-7) directly attach to the sternum, false ribs (8-12) connect indirectly, and floating ribs (11-12) do not attach anteriorly.
Shoulder and Arm Bones
- The shoulder girdle comprises the scapula and clavicle, while the humerus serves as the arm bone.
- The acromion connects scapula and clavicle, and musculature attaches at the deltoid tuberosity.
Pelvic Structure
- The pelvic girdle is formed by coxal bones fused with the sacrum and differs between sexes regarding size and curvature.
- Important features include the acetabulum, iliac crest, and sacroiliac joint.
Leg and Foot Anatomy
- The femur is the longest bone, articulating at the knee with the patella and tibia.
- The tibia is the medial shinbone, while the fibula is the lateral bone of the leg.
Fracture Types and Healing Process
- Simple fractures do not break the skin, while compound fractures do.
- Healing initiates with hematoma formation, followed by debris removal by phagocytes and the creation of granulation tissue for regeneration.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Sinuses are mucosa-lined air-filled cavities that lighten the skull and resonate sound.
- The obturator foramen is formed by the pubic and ischial rami.
- Tarsals and metatarsals form the structure of the ankle and foot instep, respectively.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
