Questions and Answers
What are amino acids?
What is the single most important fuel source for body cells?
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio CH2O.
True
Which of the following are primary components of bread and lollipops?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about lipids is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the building blocks of fat?
Signup and view all the answers
What are nucleotides the building blocks of?
Signup and view all the answers
Monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio CH2O.
Signup and view all the answers
What substance is primarily composed of cellular cytoplasm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true about examples of fibrous structural proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of carbohydrate is used for plant storage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the animal storage carbohydrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are cholesterol and steroids classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
If starch is the polymer, the monomer is: ______
Signup and view all the answers
What is another name for the chemical digestion of polymers?
Signup and view all the answers
If the monomers are amino acids, they may differ from each other by their: ______
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Macromolecules Overview
- Amino acids serve as the building blocks of proteins, containing nitrogen (N) in addition to carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
- Carbohydrates act as the primary fuel source for body cells and are composed of elements C, H, and O in the ratio of CH₂O.
- Lipids (fats) are not water-soluble and contain C, H, and O but with lower oxygen content. They insulate the body and are found in cell membranes, with cholesterol being a typical member of this class.
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, containing nitrogen, phosphate (P), C, H, and O.
Carbohydrates
- Major energy source for cells, significantly present in foods like bread and sugary treats.
- Monosaccharides represent the basic building blocks of carbohydrates, with their chemical ratio being CH₂O.
- Starch serves as a storage carbohydrate for plants, while glycogen plays the same role for animals.
- Disaccharides such as lactose and maltose are composed of two monosaccharides.
Proteins
- Predominant component of cellular cytoplasm, essential for various functions.
- Found in high amounts in meat and cheese, proteins include fibrous types like collagen and keratin, and functional types like enzymes, hemoglobin, and hormones.
- Proteins are made from amino acids, which vary by their unique R groups.
Lipids and Fatty Acids
- Lipids include fats and cholesterol, with fatty acids serving as their building blocks alongside glycerol.
- Major dietary sources of lipids include egg yolks and peanut oil, highlighting their importance in nutrition.
Nucleic Acids
- DNA and RNA contain the genetic information essential for heredity and protein synthesis.
Other Important Terms
- Hydrolysis refers to the chemical process that breaks down polymers into monomers during digestion.
- The term "R group" differentiates individual amino acids within proteins, indicating their unique properties.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of key terms and definitions from Chapter 2 of Anatomy and Physiology. This quiz covers important concepts including amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of nutrition and biological molecules.
