Anatomy Overview and Branches

Anatomy Overview

• Examines body structures and their interrelationships.
• Critical for understanding physical organization and function in living organisms.

Branches of Anatomy

• Embryology: Studies the first eight weeks post-fertilization.
• Developmental Biology: Focuses on comprehensive individual development from fertilization onward.
• Cell Biology: Investigates cell structure and function, the foundational unit of life.
• Histology: Analyzes microscopic tissue structures, essential for understanding organ composition.
• Gross Anatomy: Encompasses large structures visible without microscopic aids.
• Systemic Anatomy: Details structures within specific body systems (e.g., nervous, respiratory).
• Regional Anatomy: Investigates particular body areas, like the head and chest.
• Surface Anatomy: Relates external body markings to internal structures using visualization and palpation.
• Radiographic Anatomy: Involves imaging techniques (X-rays, MRI, CT scans) to visualize body structures.
• Pathological Anatomy: Examines structural changes in tissues caused by diseases, covering changes from gross to microscopic level.

Physiology Overview

• Focuses on the functions of body systems and processes.

Branches of Physiology

• Neurophysiology: Explores functional properties and activities of nerve cells.
• Endocrinology: Examines hormonal control over body processes and functions.
• Cardiovascular Physiology: Studies heart operation and blood vessel functionality.
• Immunology: Investigates the body’s defenses against pathogens and disease.
• Respiratory Physiology: Analyzes the mechanics of air passageways and lung function.
• Renal Physiology: Assesses kidney functions and their roles in homeostasis.
• Exercise Physiology: Evaluates physiological changes in cells and organs as a result of physical activity.
• Pathophysiology: Looks at functional changes that occur in diseases and during the aging process.