Anatomy of Thyroid Gland
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Questions and Answers

The ______ of a building can be complex.

structure

Scientists study the ______ of different materials.

structure

DNA has a double helix ______.

structure

Cells are the basic ______ of living organisms.

<p>structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of a novel includes the exposition, climax, and resolution.

<p>structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thyroid follicle is arranged in a specific ______.

<p>manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arrangement of thyroid follicles is crucial for their ______.

<p>function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocrinologists study the ______ of the thyroid follicle.

<p>arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of thyroid follicles affects hormone production.

<p>structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

In examining the thyroid gland, one must consider the ______ of its follicles.

<p>arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neuroendocrine reflexes have a ______ and endocrine pathway.

<p>neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

The secretion of ______ is triggered by the adrenal medulla during stressful situations.

<p>epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cortisol is increased at night and peaks in the early ______.

<p>morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suprachiasmatic nucleus detects changes in ______ intensity.

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melatonin production increases tenfold when it is ______.

<p>dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

Groups of animals that have breeding seasons during short days or winter seasons are called ______ day breeders.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low concentrations of melatonin are linked to ______, depression, anxiety, and aggression.

<p>psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the ______.

<p>neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary gland is composed of the pars distalis and pars ______.

<p>tuberalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland is found in some ______.

<p>animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary gland is poorly ______.

<p>vascularized</p> Signup and view all the answers

POMC is cleaved to a-MSH and ______.

<p>b-MSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

A-MSH controls skin coloration of animals by changing the dispersion of the storage granules containing the ______ pigment.

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the ______ gland.

<p>master</p> Signup and view all the answers

FSH stimulates growth and development of ______ follicles.

<p>ovarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

LH is important for ______, where release of oocytes occurs from mature follicles.

<p>ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lactotropes produce ______.

<p>prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Somatotropes produce the ______ hormone.

<p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corticotropes are important in ______ secretion.

<p>cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thyrotropes produce ______.

<p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vasopressin is an anti-diuretic ______.

<p>hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank]: functions in water retention in the kidneys.

<p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nephron is the fundamental unit of ______ where filtration happens.

<p>kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

SIADH stands for Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic ______ secretion.

<p>hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

When blood vessels or arteries are constricted ______ pressure will increase.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxytocin is important in ______ and lactation.

<p>labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stretching of the cervix during labor will trigger release of ______.

<p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxytocin release in lactation will trigger release of ______ milk.

<p>breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

In SIADH, the body retains too much ______.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes insipidus is mainly due to hypo secretion of ______.

<p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anterior Pituitary Gland

  • Poorly vascularized and secretes MSH
  • Also known as the master gland, controlling the production and secretion of other hormones
  • Cells in the anterior pituitary gland make their own hormone, with different types of cells producing different hormones
  • Gonadotropes produce hormones responsible for ovulation, such as FSH and LH
  • Somatotropes produce growth hormone, functioning for the growth of the body
  • Lactotropes produce prolactin, stimulating mammary glands to produce milk
  • Corticotropes produce adrenocorticotropic hormone, important for cortisol secretion and growth of adrenal cortex
  • Thyrotropes produce TSH, regulating thyroid hormone secretion and growth of the thyroid gland

Neuroendocrine Reflexes

  • Combination of neural and endocrine pathways
  • Example: secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla during stressful situations, triggered by the sympathetic nervous system

Biological Rhythms

  • Cortisol levels increase at night and peak in the early morning, decreasing during the day
  • Cortisol is used as a stress hormone, preparing the body for stresses during the day
  • Regulated by light intensity, with detection by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Pineal Gland

  • Regulates melatonin production, triggered by changes in light intensity
  • Melatonin helps with sleep, with increased production in the dark
  • Melatonin is produced from the precursor tryptophan

Vertebrate Endocrine System

  • Mediobasal hypothalamus: important for short day breeders, with melatonin triggering the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH
  • Pineal gland serves as an inhibitor gland for the hypothalamus in long day breeders

Pituitary Gland

  • Posterior pituitary gland: neurohypophysis, with a neural connection to the hypothalamus
  • Anterior pituitary gland: adenohypophysis, with a vascular link to the hypothalamus
  • Intermediate lobe: found in some animals, with vasopressin (arginine vasotocin) function

Vasopressin

  • Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), functioning in water retention in the kidneys
  • Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood pressure
  • Also functions in anterior constriction, increasing blood pressure

SIADH

  • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, causing water retention and hyponatremia
  • Clinical manifestations include edema, weight gain, hypertension, and dilutional hyponatremia

Oxytocin

  • Hormone of love, important in labor and lactation
  • Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk letdown during lactation
  • Also involved in social bindings, partner preference, maternal behavior, and social cognitions
  • Low levels of oxytocin are linked to autism, anxiety, and difficulty with social interactions

Thyroid Gland

  • Functions in metabolism and developmental processes, such as the transformation of tadpoles to adult frogs
  • Thyroid hormone is essential for growth and development

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and organization of the thyroid gland, including the arrangement of thyroid follicles. Test your knowledge of human anatomy and the thyroid gland's composition.

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