Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary functions of the skeleton?
What is one of the primary functions of the skeleton?
Which component is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
Which component is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
What is hematopoiesis in relation to the skeleton?
What is hematopoiesis in relation to the skeleton?
Which mineral is stored in the skeleton?
Which mineral is stored in the skeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of skeleton includes the pelvic limbs?
Which type of skeleton includes the pelvic limbs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cranial intercondyloid area characterized by?
What is the cranial intercondyloid area characterized by?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature is associated with the distal extremity of the tibia?
Which feature is associated with the distal extremity of the tibia?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the fibula from the tibia?
What distinguishes the fibula from the tibia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the tibial tuberosity?
What is the purpose of the tibial tuberosity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tarsal bones are included in the tarsus?
Which tarsal bones are included in the tarsus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the facies articularis fibularis?
What is the role of the facies articularis fibularis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is part of the distal extremity of the fibula?
Which structure is part of the distal extremity of the fibula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the extensor groove is correct?
Which statement about the extensor groove is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bone forms the lateral part of the face and the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth?
Which bone forms the lateral part of the face and the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the incisive bone?
What is the primary function of the incisive bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily responsible for forming part of the zygomatic arch?
Which structure is primarily responsible for forming part of the zygomatic arch?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nasal concha is located more laterally in the nasal cavity?
Which nasal concha is located more laterally in the nasal cavity?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the zygomatic bone from the maxillary bone?
What distinguishes the zygomatic bone from the maxillary bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bone is known for forming the posterior third of the hard palate?
Which bone is known for forming the posterior third of the hard palate?
Signup and view all the answers
The ventral nasal concha is formerly known as what?
The ventral nasal concha is formerly known as what?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the facial skeleton?
Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the facial skeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the distinct shape of the lesser trochanter?
What is the distinct shape of the lesser trochanter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure connects the greater trochanter with the lesser trochanter?
Which structure connects the greater trochanter with the lesser trochanter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the caudal surface of the femur compared to the cranial, lateral, and medial surfaces?
What is the characteristic of the caudal surface of the femur compared to the cranial, lateral, and medial surfaces?
Signup and view all the answers
How do the lateral and medial condyles differ in size and convexity?
How do the lateral and medial condyles differ in size and convexity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the femoral trochlea?
What is the function of the femoral trochlea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is located between the lateral ridge of the patellar surface and the lateral epicondyle?
Which structure is located between the lateral ridge of the patellar surface and the lateral epicondyle?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the third trochanter?
What characterizes the third trochanter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is unique about the patella's structure?
What is unique about the patella's structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a structural difference between the humerus and femur?
What is a structural difference between the humerus and femur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bones are part of the thoracic limb?
Which bones are part of the thoracic limb?
Signup and view all the answers
What is unique about the proximal head of the tibia compared to the ulna?
What is unique about the proximal head of the tibia compared to the ulna?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about carpal and tarsal bones is true?
Which of the following statements about carpal and tarsal bones is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature is present on the third trochanter of the femur?
What anatomical feature is present on the third trochanter of the femur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes the digits of the pelvic limb?
Which statement correctly describes the digits of the pelvic limb?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the OS Penis refer to in the context of the limb skeleton?
What does the OS Penis refer to in the context of the limb skeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature is NOT associated with the humeral condyles?
Which feature is NOT associated with the humeral condyles?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Tibia
- Medial and Lateral Intercondylar Tubercles are prominences on the proximal ends of the tibia
- Cranial Intercondyloid Areas are depressed areas cranial to the intercondyloid eminences
- Caudal Intercondyloid Areas are depressed areas caudal to the eminences
- Popliteal Notch is a notch on the caudal aspect of the tibia, between the condyles
- Tibial Tuberosity is a large quadrangular process on the cranial aspect of the tibia, where quadriceps and patellar ligaments attach
- Cranial Border is the tibial crest, extending distally from the tibial tuberosity, used for muscle attachment
- Extensor Groove is a smaller notch that cuts into the lateral condyle
- Facies Articularis Fibularis is a facet on the caudolateral surface of the lateral condyle, which articulates with the head of the fibula
- Body of the Tibia has caudal, medial, and lateral surfaces, and medial, interosseous, and cranial borders
- Distal Extremity of Tibia is the cochlea, containing two sagittal grooves that articulate with the ridges of the proximal trochlea of the tibial tarsal bone
- Medial Malleolus is the medial part of the tibia, with a cranial process
Fibula
- Long, thin bone situated on the lateral border of the tibia
- Separated from the tibia by the interosseous space
- Does not articulate with the femur, primarily for muscle attachment
- Composed of the body/shaft, lateral malleolus (distal extremity)
- Facies Articularis Capitis Fibulae is a small facet at the proximal head, which articulates with a similar facet on the caudolateral part of the lateral condyle of the tibia
- Lateral Malleolus is the distal end of the fibula
Hindpaw
- Composed of tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, digits and sesamoid bones
- The seven tarsal bones form the hock (tarsus)
Osteology
- The study of bones
- Bone: hard, semi-rigid, calcified connective tissue that forms the skeleton
- Skeleton: framework of hard structures that supports and protects the soft tissues of animals
Functions of the Skeleton
- Support: acts as an internal scaffold
- Locomotion: used as levers for skeletal muscles
- Protection: protects underlying soft tissues
- Storage: stores calcium and phosphorus
- Hematopoiesis: manufactures blood cells in bone marrow
- Storage of fats: yellow marrow stores energy
- Axial skeleton: composed of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- Appendicular skeleton: composed of the pectoral and pelvic limbs
- Heterotopic skeleton: bones that develop in the substance of viscera or soft organs (os penis)
Bones of the Face and Palate
- Incisive
- Nasal
- Maxillary
- Dorsal Nasal Concha
- Ventral Nasal Concha
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Lacrimal
- Pterygoid
- Vomer
- Mandible
Incisive (Premaxilla) Bone
- Rostral bone that holds the upper incisors
- Composed of body and sockets for incisors
Nasal Bone
- Forms the osseous roof of the nasal cavity
- Long, slender and narrow caudally
Maxillary Bone (Maxilla)
- Forms lateral part of the face and part of the hard palate
- Largest facial bone; divided into body and four processes:
- Frontal
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Pterygoid
- Infraorbital foramen: passageway for infraorbital nerve and artery
- Alveolar process: holds teeth
- Interalveolar septa: between individual tooth sockets
- Interradicular septa: between the roots of multi-rooted teeth
Dorsal Nasal Concha
- Formerly known as the Nasal Turbinate
Ventral Nasal Concha
- Formerly known as the Maxilloturbinate
- A scroll of bone located in the nasal cavity
Zygomatic Bone (Malar or Jugal)
- Forms the cranial part of the zygomatic arch
- Divided into two surfaces, four borders and two processes
- Surfaces:
- Lateral: convex
- Medial/Orbital: concave
- Borders:
- Maxillary
- Temporal
- Infraorbital
- Masseteric
- Processes:
- Temporal
- Frontal
- Orbital ligament: completes the orbit of the dog, caudally
Palatine Bone
- Forms the caudal part of the hard palate, caudomedial to the maxilla
- Divided into:
- Horizontal lamina: forms the posterior third of the hard palate
- Perpendicular lamina: forms part of the nasal septum
Comparative review of the bones of the limbs
-
Thoracic Limb
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Digits
-
Pelvic Limb
- Hip Bone
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Digits
Splanchnic/Heterotopic Skeleton
- Os penis (Baculum): always present in the male dog, passes through the bulbus glandis
Femur
- Greater Trochanter: largest tuber of proximal extremity, lateral to the head and neck
- Trochanteric fossa: depression on the caudal aspect of the femur between the trochanters
- Lesser (Minor, Medial) Trochanter: distinct, pyramid-shaped eminence distal to the head
- Intertrochanteric crest: low but wide crest connecting the lesser and greater trochanters
- Third Trochanter: prominence on the lateral side, distal to the greater trochanter
- Transverse line: arched dorsally, running from the femoral head across the cranial surface of the intertrochanteric crest to the greater trochanter
- Body/Shaft: cranial, lateral and medial surfaces are not distinct, caudal surface is flatter
- Caudal surface:
- Facies aspera: roughened surface bounded by the medial and lateral lips
- Popliteal surface: concave sagittally, flat transversely
- Trochanteric surface: flat, enclosed by the femoral lips
- Distal Extremity: quadrangular, protrudes caudally
- Lateral Condyle: convex; articulates with the tibia and the menisci
- Medial Condyle: smaller, less convex; articulates with the tibia and the menisci
- Femoral trochlea (Patellar surface): smooth groove on the cranial surface of the distal extremity, articulates with the patella
- Medial and Lateral Epicondyles: proximal and cranial to the condyles, for proximal attachment of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments
- Extensor fossa: small depression between the lateral ridge of the patellar surface and the lateral epicondyle
- Medial and Lateral supracondylar tuberosities: tubercles at the proximal edge of the popliteal surface
Sesamoid Bones in the Stifle Joint of the Dog
- Patella: largest sesamoid bone in the body, ovate in shape
- Base: blunt and faces proximally
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the key anatomical features of the tibia, including the intercondylar tubercles, popliteal notch, and tibial tuberosity. Understand the cranial and caudal intercondyloid areas, as well as the muscle attachment points on the tibia. Test your knowledge of tibial anatomy and its structural significance.
