Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structure forms the floor of the temporal fossa?
What structure forms the floor of the temporal fossa?
- Frontal bone (correct)
- Zygomatic bone
- Parietal bone (correct)
- Temporal and Greater wing of sphenoid bone (correct)
Which muscle is primarily covered by the temporal fascia within the temporal fossa?
Which muscle is primarily covered by the temporal fascia within the temporal fossa?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Masseter
- Buccinator
- Temporalis (correct)
Which of the following describes the zygomatic arch?
Which of the following describes the zygomatic arch?
- Serves as a connection between the maxilla and mandible
- Bounds the temporal fossa inferiorly (correct)
- Forms the roof of the temporal fossa
- Is part of the pterion structure
What structure communicates with the temporal fossa?
What structure communicates with the temporal fossa?
What important clinical significance does the pterion hold?
What important clinical significance does the pterion hold?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the mandible's structure?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the mandible's structure?
What movement is primarily associated with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What movement is primarily associated with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Which region is bounded superiorly by the superior temporal line?
Which region is bounded superiorly by the superior temporal line?
What is the location of the mental foramen on the mandible?
What is the location of the mental foramen on the mandible?
Which feature of the mandible can be found near the midline on the inner surface?
Which feature of the mandible can be found near the midline on the inner surface?
What does the mylohyoid line separate on the inner surface of the mandible?
What does the mylohyoid line separate on the inner surface of the mandible?
What is the mental protuberance known for?
What is the mental protuberance known for?
Which is NOT a feature of the outer surface of the mandible?
Which is NOT a feature of the outer surface of the mandible?
What anatomical structure does the oblique line of the mandible extend to?
What anatomical structure does the oblique line of the mandible extend to?
The submandibular fossa is related to which gland?
The submandibular fossa is related to which gland?
Which structure is found on the outer surface of the mandible?
Which structure is found on the outer surface of the mandible?
What structure does the head of the condylar process articulate with?
What structure does the head of the condylar process articulate with?
Which feature is located at the center of the ramus?
Which feature is located at the center of the ramus?
What is the significance of the neck of the mandible?
What is the significance of the neck of the mandible?
Which border of the ramus forms the mandibular notch?
Which border of the ramus forms the mandibular notch?
Which of the following best describes the condition of the mandibular foramen?
Which of the following best describes the condition of the mandibular foramen?
What is the primary role of the mylohyoid groove?
What is the primary role of the mylohyoid groove?
Which border of the ramus is continuous with the anterior border of the coracoid process?
Which border of the ramus is continuous with the anterior border of the coracoid process?
What characterizes the inner surface of the ramus?
What characterizes the inner surface of the ramus?
What anatomical structure articulates with the head of the mandible?
What anatomical structure articulates with the head of the mandible?
Which of the following bones contributes to the posterior part of the nasal septum?
Which of the following bones contributes to the posterior part of the nasal septum?
Which structure is formed by the lateral and medial pterygoid plates?
Which structure is formed by the lateral and medial pterygoid plates?
What feature is located on the medial side of the mastoid process?
What feature is located on the medial side of the mastoid process?
What is the primary function of the muscles of mastication?
What is the primary function of the muscles of mastication?
Which nerves provide innervation to the muscles of mastication?
Which nerves provide innervation to the muscles of mastication?
What defines the maxillary tuberosity?
What defines the maxillary tuberosity?
Which of the following statements about the development and insertion of the muscles of mastication is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the development and insertion of the muscles of mastication is accurate?
What is the main action of the temporalis muscle?
What is the main action of the temporalis muscle?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for supplying the masseter muscle?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for supplying the masseter muscle?
Which muscle primarily facilitates the grinding motion of the mandible?
Which muscle primarily facilitates the grinding motion of the mandible?
What is the function of the superficial oblique fibers of the masseter muscle?
What is the function of the superficial oblique fibers of the masseter muscle?
Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?
Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?
Which statement about the medial pterygoid muscle is true?
Which statement about the medial pterygoid muscle is true?
How can one palpate the facial artery?
How can one palpate the facial artery?
Which muscle acts as the sole retractor of the mandible?
Which muscle acts as the sole retractor of the mandible?
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Study Notes
Temporal Fossa
- A shallow depression on the side of the head.
- Bounded superiorly by the superior temporal line and inferiorly by the zygomatic arch.
- Floor formed by the frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
- These four bones meet forming an H-shaped suture called the pterion.
- The pterion overlies the frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery.
- Site of trephining in extradural hemorrhage.
- Contains the temporalis muscle covered by the temporal fascia.
- The temporal fascia is attached to the superior temporal line and upper border of the zygomatic arch.
- Connects with the infratemporal fossa via a gap deep to the zygomatic arch.
Mandible
- It is the skeleton of the lower jaw and the only mobile bone of the skull.
- It is formed of a body and two rami.
- The body is horseshoe shaped.
- The body has two borders (an alveolar margin and a lower border) and two surfaces (external and internal).
- The upper border contains the sockets for 16 teeth.
- The lower border continues posteriorly with the posterior border of the ramus.
- The outer surface exhibits the symphysis menti, mental foramen, oblique line, and mental protuberance.
- The inner surface contains the superior and inferior genial tubercles, mylohyoid line, and sublingual and submandibular fossae.
Ramus of the Mandible
- Projects upwards on either side from the posterior part of the body.
- Has 4 borders, 2 surfaces, and 2 processes.
- Condylar process has a head and neck.
- The head articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone forming the temporomandibular joint.
- The neck shows a depression called the pterygoid fossa or fovea.
- The inner surface of the ramus features the mandibular foramen, lingula, and mylohyoid groove.
Muscles of Mastication
- Developed from the 1st pharyngeal arch.
- Innervated by the mandibular nerve.
- All originate from the skull.
- All insert into the mandibular ramus.
- Act on the temporomandibular joint.
- All are involved in mastication.
Temporalis Muscle
- Fan-shaped.
- Originates from the floor of the temporal fossa and deep surface of the temporal fascia.
- Inserts into all aspects of the coronoid process except the lateral surface, extending to the anterior border of the ramus down to the last molar.
- Anterior vertical fibers elevate the mandible.
- Posterior horizontal fibers retract the mandible.
Masseter Muscle
- Originates from two heads:
- Superficial head from the anterior 2/3 of the lower border of the zygomatic arch.
- Deep head from the posterior 1/3 of the lower border of the zygomatic arch.
- Inserts into the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus.
- Deep vertical fibers elevate the mandible.
- Superficial oblique fibers protrude the mandible.
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Originates from two heads:
- Superficial head from the maxillary tuberosity.
- Deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
- Inserts into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible.
- Elevates the mandible.
- Protrudes the mandible (both sides with both lateral pterygoids).
- Performs side-to-side movement (grinding) with alternating sides (medial and lateral pterygoids).
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
- Originates from two heads:
- Upper head from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid.
- Lower head from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
- Inserts into the front of the neck of the mandible, capsule, and articular disc of TMJ.
- Depresses the mandible.
- Protrudes the mandible.
- Performs side-to-side movement.
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