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What type of tissue forms the core of the palatine rugae?
What type of tissue forms the core of the palatine rugae?
What is the function of fat in the submucosa layer?
What is the function of fat in the submucosa layer?
What is the name of the vestigial organ found in the incisive papilla?
What is the name of the vestigial organ found in the incisive papilla?
What is the name of the mucosa that covers the alveolar process and surrounds the teeth?
What is the name of the mucosa that covers the alveolar process and surrounds the teeth?
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What is the name of the part of the gingiva that extends from the dentogingival junction to the alveolar mucosa?
What is the name of the part of the gingiva that extends from the dentogingival junction to the alveolar mucosa?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the gingiva?
What is the characteristic appearance of the gingiva?
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What fills the compartments of the submucosa layer in the anterior lateral zone?
What fills the compartments of the submucosa layer in the anterior lateral zone?
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What is the region that does not have a submucosa and the lamina propria is attached to the periosteum?
What is the region that does not have a submucosa and the lamina propria is attached to the periosteum?
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What is the function of the oral mucosa related to temperature?
What is the function of the oral mucosa related to temperature?
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What is the function of salivary secretion in the oral mucosa?
What is the function of salivary secretion in the oral mucosa?
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What is the type of epithelium found in the oral mucosa?
What is the type of epithelium found in the oral mucosa?
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What is the function of the lamina propria in the oral mucosa?
What is the function of the lamina propria in the oral mucosa?
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What type of cells are found in the epithelium of the oral mucosa?
What type of cells are found in the epithelium of the oral mucosa?
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What is the characteristic of the stratum basale in keratinized epithelium?
What is the characteristic of the stratum basale in keratinized epithelium?
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What is the layer of keratinized epithelium where cells are arranged in a granular pattern?
What is the layer of keratinized epithelium where cells are arranged in a granular pattern?
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What is the function of the submucosa in the oral mucosa?
What is the function of the submucosa in the oral mucosa?
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What is the characteristic of the reticular layer in the oral mucosa?
What is the characteristic of the reticular layer in the oral mucosa?
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Which type of mucosa is the gingiva classified under?
Which type of mucosa is the gingiva classified under?
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What is the function of the submucosa in the oral mucosa?
What is the function of the submucosa in the oral mucosa?
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What type of epithelium lines the hard palate?
What type of epithelium lines the hard palate?
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Which zone of the hard palate is characterized by the presence of numerous glands?
Which zone of the hard palate is characterized by the presence of numerous glands?
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What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in the hard palate?
What is the characteristic of the lamina propria in the hard palate?
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What is the function of the lamina propria in the oral mucosa?
What is the function of the lamina propria in the oral mucosa?
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Which type of epithelium lines the nasal side of the hard palate?
Which type of epithelium lines the nasal side of the hard palate?
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Study Notes
The Submucosa Layer
- Divided into irregular compartments by dense bands of fibrous tissue, perpendicular to the underlying bone.
- Compartments filled with adipose tissue in the anterior lateral zone and with palatine salivary gland in posterior lateral zone.
- Acts as a cushion due to the presence of fat.
- Thicker in the posterior than in the anterior.
The Gingival Zone and the Palatine Raphe
- Do not have a submucosa.
- The lamina propria is attached to the periosteum (mucoperiosteum).
Incisive Papilla
- Formed by dense connective tissue.
- Contains the oral parts of vestigial nasopalatine ducts (Jacobson's organ).
Palatine Rgae
- Ridges of mucous membrane extending laterally from the incisive papilla.
- Core made up of dense connective tissue.
Anterolateral and Posterolateral Regions
- Have a prominent submucosa.
- Submucosa filled with adipose tissue in the anterior lateral zone and with palatine salivary gland in posterior lateral zone.
Histological Structure of the Antero-lateral and Postero-lateral Zones
- Based on function: Masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, and specialized mucosa.
Gingiva
- Part of the oral mucous membrane that covers the alveolar process and surrounds the teeth like a collar.
- Extends from the dentogingival junction to the alveolar mucosa.
- Normally pale pink in color and firm in consistency.
- Surface appears stippled.
- Divided into free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla.
Functions of the Oral Mucosa
- Sensation: temperature, touch, pain, taste buds, and reflexes like swallowing, gagging, and salivating.
- Lubrication: salivary secretion.
- Protection: protects the deeper tissues.
- Thermal regulation: important in dogs, not in humans.
Structure of the Oral Mucosa
- Consists of three main parts: epithelium, lamina propria, and submucosa.
- Epithelium is of stratified squamous variety, which may be keratinized or non-keratinized.
- Cells of the epithelium are of two types: progenitor cells and maturing cells.
Epithelium
- All oral mucosa epithelium is stratified squamous type.
- May be keratinized or non-keratinized.
- Keratinized mucosa is seen on the hard palate and gingiva.
- In keratinizing oral epithelium, the cells are arranged in four layers: basal cell layer, prickled cell layer, granular cell layer, and cornified cell layer.
Keratinized Epithelium
- Stratum basale: a single layer of cuboidal cells capable of undergoing mitosis.
- Stratum spinosum: polyhedral cells with prominent intercellular bridges (desmosomes).
- Stratum granulosum: a layer of cells with prominent granules.
- Stratum corneum: a layer of dead cells.
Submucosa
- Consists of connective tissue of varying thickness and density.
- Glands, blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue are present in this layer.
- Attaches the epithelium to the underlying structures, whether this attachment is loose or firm depends on the character of the submucosa.
- Larger arteries divide into smaller branches, which then enter into the lamina propria.
Classification of Oral Mucosa
- Based on function: Masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, and specialized mucosa.
- Masticatory mucosa: Gingiva and Hard Palate.
- Lining mucosa: Cheek mucosa, inner side of the lip, alveolar mucosa, oral vestibule, inferior surface of the tongue, and soft palate.
- Specialized mucosa: Dorsal surface of the tongue.
Hard Palate
- Lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- Divided into various zones based on the structure of the sub mucous layer.
- Zones: Palatine gingiva, Medial Palatine raphe, Palatine rugae, Anterolateral (fatty) zone, Posterolateral (glandular) zone, and Incisive papilla.
Microscopical Structure of Hard Palate
- Epithelium: The oral side of the hard palate is covered by ortho keratinized epithelium, while the nasal side is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with Goblet cells.
- Lamina propria: Consists of dense connective tissue that is thicker in the anterior than in the posterior parts of the palate and has numerous long papillae.
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Description
Learn about the structure and composition of the submucosa layer, including its compartments, tissues, and functions.
