24 Questions
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
To allow food to enter the small intestine
What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is the function of chief cells in the stomach?
To produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
To activate digestive enzymes
What is the length of the small intestine in a living person?
2 to 4 meters
What is the function of enteroendocrine cells in the stomach?
To produce hormones that regulate digestion
What is the function of the pylorus?
To connect the stomach to the small intestine
What type of mucus is produced by mucous neck cells in the stomach?
Thin, acidic mucus
What type of muscle cells make up the muscularis externa layer?
Smooth muscle cells
What is the function of peristalsis in the esophagus?
Slow rhythmic squeezing to conduct food
What is the name of the membrane extension that connects the visceral peritoneum to the parietal peritoneum?
Mesentery
What is the region of the stomach located lateral to the cardial region?
Fundus
What is the name of the outermost layer of the wall of the esophagus?
Serosa
What is the term for the passage of food through the esophagus?
Peristalsis
What is the name of the surface of the stomach that is convex and lateral?
Greater curvature
What is the term for the abdominal cavity lined by the parietal peritoneum?
Abdominopelvic cavity
What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?
To serve as a passageway for air and food
What is the layer of the alimentary canal organs that consists of a moist mucous membrane?
Mucosa
What is the primary function of the palatine tonsils in the digestive system?
To act as a defense mechanism against infection
What is the process by which food is propelled through the esophagus?
Peristalsis
What is the primary function of the mouth in the digestive system?
To mechanically and chemically break down food
What is the layer of the alimentary canal organs that contains blood vessels and nerve endings?
Submucosa
What is the primary function of the lingual tonsil in the digestive system?
To act as a defense mechanism against infection
What is the process by which the tongue initiates swallowing?
Initiation of swallowing
Study Notes
Stomach Anatomy
- Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, approximately 10 inches long
- Can hold about 1 gallon of food when full
- Food enters through the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits through the pyloric sphincter
- Pylorus is the funnel-shaped terminal part of the stomach, continuous with the small intestine
Stomach Structure
- Mucosa is the innermost layer, a simple columnar epithelium composed of mucous cells
- Mucous cells produce mucus, chief cells produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens), and parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Enteroendocrine cells produce local hormones, such as gastrin, to regulate digestive activities
- Muscularis externa is a muscle layer with an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
Small Intestine
- Longest section of the alimentary tube, approximately 2-4 meters long
- Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (Dogs Just Itch!)
Pharynx Function
- Serves as a passageway for air and food
- Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers through peristalsis
- Peristalsis involves alternating contractions of the muscle layers
Alimentary Canal Structure
- Walls of the alimentary canal organs consist of four tissue layers or tunics
- The four tunics are: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Esophagus
- Runs from the pharynx to the stomach through the diaphragm
- Conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing)
- Passageway for food only (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx)
Learn about the structure and parts of the stomach, including the pyloric antrum, pylorus, and pyloric sphincter.
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