Anatomy of the Stomach

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

To allow food to enter the small intestine (correct)

To mix food with digestive enzymes

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

To secrete hydrochloric acid

What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the stomach?

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium (correct)

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the function of chief cells in the stomach?

To produce hormones that regulate digestion

To produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes (correct)

To produce hydrochloric acid

To produce mucus

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

To activate digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the small intestine in a living person?

2 to 4 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enteroendocrine cells in the stomach?

To produce hormones that regulate digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pylorus?

To connect the stomach to the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What type of mucus is produced by mucous neck cells in the stomach?

Thin, acidic mucus Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle cells make up the muscularis externa layer?

Smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peristalsis in the esophagus?

Slow rhythmic squeezing to conduct food Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane extension that connects the visceral peritoneum to the parietal peritoneum?

Mesentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the stomach located lateral to the cardial region?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the outermost layer of the wall of the esophagus?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the passage of food through the esophagus?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surface of the stomach that is convex and lateral?

Greater curvature Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abdominal cavity lined by the parietal peritoneum?

Abdominopelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

To serve as a passageway for air and food Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the alimentary canal organs that consists of a moist mucous membrane?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palatine tonsils in the digestive system?

To act as a defense mechanism against infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which food is propelled through the esophagus?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mouth in the digestive system?

To mechanically and chemically break down food Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the alimentary canal organs that contains blood vessels and nerve endings?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lingual tonsil in the digestive system?

To act as a defense mechanism against infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the tongue initiates swallowing?

Initiation of swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stomach Anatomy

Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, approximately 10 inches long
Can hold about 1 gallon of food when full
Food enters through the cardioesophageal sphincter and exits through the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus is the funnel-shaped terminal part of the stomach, continuous with the small intestine

Stomach Structure

Mucosa is the innermost layer, a simple columnar epithelium composed of mucous cells
Mucous cells produce mucus, chief cells produce inactive protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens), and parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Enteroendocrine cells produce local hormones, such as gastrin, to regulate digestive activities
Muscularis externa is a muscle layer with an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Small Intestine

Longest section of the alimentary tube, approximately 2-4 meters long
Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (Dogs Just Itch!)

Pharynx Function

Serves as a passageway for air and food
Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers through peristalsis
Peristalsis involves alternating contractions of the muscle layers

Alimentary Canal Structure

Walls of the alimentary canal organs consist of four tissue layers or tunics
The four tunics are: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Esophagus

Runs from the pharynx to the stomach through the diaphragm
Conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing)
Passageway for food only (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx)

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Description

Learn about the structure and parts of the stomach, including the pyloric antrum, pylorus, and pyloric sphincter.