Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

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What is the function of Lamina VII?

Innervate skeletal muscle

Compose the white matter

Act as a relay between muscle spindle to midbrain and cerebellum (correct)

Surround the central canal

What is the location of the posterior funiculus?

Between the lateral gray horns and the lateral median sulcus

Between the central canal and the posterior median sulcus

Between the posterior gray horns and the posterior median sulcus (correct)

Between the anterior gray horns and the anterior median fissure

What is the function of the ventral roots?

Contain motor fibers (correct)

Contain sensory fibers

Originate from the anterior horn

Arise from the dorsal root ganglion

What is the function of the dorsal roots?

Contain sensory fibers (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31 pairs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal nerves?

Connect the CNS to muscles, glands, and receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the region between the anterior gray horns and the anterior median fissure?

Anterior funiculus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Laminae VIII-IX?

Innervate mainly skeletal muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are associated with the spinal cord?

31 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal ramus?

Innervates muscles and skin of the back (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a dermatome?

A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anterior ramus?

Innervates anterior and lateral trunk, upper and lower limbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve plexus that innervates the phrenic nerve?

Cervical plexus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve plexus that innervates the femoral and obturator nerves?

Lumbar plexus (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many spinal nerves are there on each side of the body?

31 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rami communicantes?

Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of meninges adheres to the brain and spinal cord tissue?

Pia mater (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the arachnoid mater?

To act as a barrier and prevent substances from reaching the spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

Cerebrospinal fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reflexes in the nervous system?

To initiate rapid and automatic responses to stimuli (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of reflexes?

Involves a rapid and automatic response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pathways in the nervous system?

To enable communication between CNS regions and peripheral nerves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a tract in the context of the nervous system?

A bundle of axons that travel together in the CNS (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleus in the context of the nervous system?

A collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of postural input to the cerebellum?

Regulation of posture and balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the sensory pathways for posture and balance?

They only have primary and secondary neurons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of descending projection tracts?

Cerebral cortex and brainstem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the upper motor neuron?

Initiating voluntary movements (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of the axons of corticobulbar tracts?

Brainstem cranial nerve nuclei (D) Signup and view all the answers

What muscles are controlled by corticobulbar tracts?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the path taken by corticospinal tracts?

From cerebral cortex to brainstem to spinal cord (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclei in the mesencephalon?

Initiating motor commands for unconscious activities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sensory pathways?

To transmit sensory information from the peripheral body to the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of primary neurons located?

In the posterior root ganglia of spinal nerves or the sensory ganglia of cranial nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory information is conducted by the Anterolateral Pathway?

Crude touch and pressure as well as pain and temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Spinocerebellar Pathway?

To conduct proprioceptive information to the cerebellum for processing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the axons of secondary neurons in the Anterolateral Pathway?

They cross over and relay stimulus information to the opposite side of the spinal cord (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway that projects through the spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalon before terminating within the cerebral cortex?

Posterior Funiculus–Medial Lemniscal Pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of sensory information conducted by the Posterior Funiculus–Medial Lemniscal Pathway?

Proprioceptive information about limb position and discriminative touch, pressure, and vibration sensations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of sensory pathways that cross over from one side of the body to the other?

They cross over from one side of the body to the other at some point in their travels (C) Signup and view all the answers