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Questions and Answers
The ______ is the central portion of the hyoid bone.
The ______ is the central portion of the hyoid bone.
body
The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three ______ located in the middle ear.
The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three ______ located in the middle ear.
ossicles
The ______ of the malleus adheres to the tympanic membrane.
The ______ of the malleus adheres to the tympanic membrane.
manubrium
The ______ of the fetal skull are unossified membranes that allow the brain to grow.
The ______ of the fetal skull are unossified membranes that allow the brain to grow.
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The occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid bones, and parts of the temporal bone are formed via ______ ossification.
The occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid bones, and parts of the temporal bone are formed via ______ ossification.
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The posterior ______ is located at the junction of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone.
The posterior ______ is located at the junction of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone.
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______ is the meeting point between the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull.
______ is the meeting point between the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull.
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The base of the skull is divided into three fossae: anterior, middle, and ______ cranial fossae.
The base of the skull is divided into three fossae: anterior, middle, and ______ cranial fossae.
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The anterior cranial fossa is formed by the orbital part of the frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of the ______.
The anterior cranial fossa is formed by the orbital part of the frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of the ______.
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The middle cranial fossa is formed by the body and greater wings of the sphenoid bone, and the ______ part of the temporal bone.
The middle cranial fossa is formed by the body and greater wings of the sphenoid bone, and the ______ part of the temporal bone.
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The ______ cranial fossa is formed primarily by the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone, and contains the foramen magnum.
The ______ cranial fossa is formed primarily by the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone, and contains the foramen magnum.
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The ______ is the U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw and is the largest and strongest facial bone.
The ______ is the U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw and is the largest and strongest facial bone.
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The inferior view of the skull includes the alveolar arch, bony palate, and the ______ process.
The inferior view of the skull includes the alveolar arch, bony palate, and the ______ process.
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The ______ process of the mandible is a posterior extension of the ramus.
The ______ process of the mandible is a posterior extension of the ramus.
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The external opening of the hypoglossal canal and the ______ process are visible in the inferior view of the skull.
The external opening of the hypoglossal canal and the ______ process are visible in the inferior view of the skull.
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The ______ foramen transmits the mental neurovascular bundle through the mandible.
The ______ foramen transmits the mental neurovascular bundle through the mandible.
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The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the ______.
The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the ______.
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The maxillary bones contain the maxillary ______, which are the largest paranasal sinuses.
The maxillary bones contain the maxillary ______, which are the largest paranasal sinuses.
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The ______ process of the maxilla projects toward the zygomatic bone.
The ______ process of the maxilla projects toward the zygomatic bone.
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The nasal bones form the ______ of the nose.
The nasal bones form the ______ of the nose.
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The ______ plates of the palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate.
The ______ plates of the palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate.
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The skull has approximately 85 named ______, such as foramina, canals, and fissures, which provide openings for structures like the spinal cord and blood vessels serving the brain.
The skull has approximately 85 named ______, such as foramina, canals, and fissures, which provide openings for structures like the spinal cord and blood vessels serving the brain.
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The frontal bone articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the ______ suture.
The frontal bone articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the ______ suture.
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The ______ is a midline point between the paired superciliary arches on the frontal bone.
The ______ is a midline point between the paired superciliary arches on the frontal bone.
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The skull is formed by two sets of bones: the cerebral cranium, which contains and protects the brain, and the ______ cranium, which provides the framework of the face, sense organs, and teeth.
The skull is formed by two sets of bones: the cerebral cranium, which contains and protects the brain, and the ______ cranium, which provides the framework of the face, sense organs, and teeth.
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The foramen ______ is located at the base of the occipital bone and communicates with the vertebral canal.
The foramen ______ is located at the base of the occipital bone and communicates with the vertebral canal.
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The occipital bone consists of squamous, basilar, and two ______ portions.
The occipital bone consists of squamous, basilar, and two ______ portions.
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The bones of the cerebral cranium, also known as the calvaria include single bones such as the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and ______ bone.
The bones of the cerebral cranium, also known as the calvaria include single bones such as the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and ______ bone.
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The ______ suture is the junction between the right and left parietal bones superiorly.
The ______ suture is the junction between the right and left parietal bones superiorly.
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The middle ear ossicles, crucial for hearing, consist of the malleus, incus, and ______.
The middle ear ossicles, crucial for hearing, consist of the malleus, incus, and ______.
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The bones of the facial cranium include single bones like the mandible, vomer, and ______ bone.
The bones of the facial cranium include single bones like the mandible, vomer, and ______ bone.
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The temporal bones form the ______ portion of the skull.
The temporal bones form the ______ portion of the skull.
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The temporal bones are named 'temporal' from the Latin word for ______.
The temporal bones are named 'temporal' from the Latin word for ______.
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The paired bones of the facial cranium include the maxilla, nasal bone, lacrimal bone, palatine bone, zygomatic bone and the inferior nasal ______.
The paired bones of the facial cranium include the maxilla, nasal bone, lacrimal bone, palatine bone, zygomatic bone and the inferior nasal ______.
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When viewing the skull from above, it is referred to as the norma ______.
When viewing the skull from above, it is referred to as the norma ______.
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The ______ is defined as a line formed by the junction of two skull bones.
The ______ is defined as a line formed by the junction of two skull bones.
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The anterior fontanelle, or soft spot, is located at the junction where the two frontal and two ______ bones meet.
The anterior fontanelle, or soft spot, is located at the junction where the two frontal and two ______ bones meet.
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The temporal bone houses the ________, crucial for balance and hearing.
The temporal bone houses the ________, crucial for balance and hearing.
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Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, along with the internal jugular vein, pass through the ________ foramen.
Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, along with the internal jugular vein, pass through the ________ foramen.
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The ________ process of the temporal bone projects inferiorly and serves as an attachment site for several muscles and ligaments of the neck.
The ________ process of the temporal bone projects inferiorly and serves as an attachment site for several muscles and ligaments of the neck.
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The sphenoid bone, often referred to as the '________' of the cranial floor, articulates with all other cranial bones.
The sphenoid bone, often referred to as the '________' of the cranial floor, articulates with all other cranial bones.
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The ________ processes of the sphenoid bone are the most inferior projections and contribute to the formation of the pterygoid fossa.
The ________ processes of the sphenoid bone are the most inferior projections and contribute to the formation of the pterygoid fossa.
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The ________ canal, located within the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.
The ________ canal, located within the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.
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The ________ plate of the ethmoid bone contains perforations that allow the olfactory nerves to pass from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs in the cranial cavity.
The ________ plate of the ethmoid bone contains perforations that allow the olfactory nerves to pass from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulbs in the cranial cavity.
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The ________ forms the medial wall of the orbit.
The ________ forms the medial wall of the orbit.
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Flashcards
Cerebral Cranium
Cerebral Cranium
The larger, postero-superior part of the skull that protects the brain and provides attachment for muscles.
Facial Cranium
Facial Cranium
The smaller, antero-inferior part of the skull that forms the face's framework and supports sense organs and teeth.
Sutures
Sutures
Lines formed by the junction of two skull bones, allowing limited movement.
Coronal Suture
Coronal Suture
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Sagittal Suture
Sagittal Suture
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Lambdoidal Suture
Lambdoidal Suture
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Facial Bones Mnemonic
Facial Bones Mnemonic
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Anterior Fontanelle
Anterior Fontanelle
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Posterior fontanelle
Posterior fontanelle
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Bregma
Bregma
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Lambda
Lambda
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Anterior cranial fossa
Anterior cranial fossa
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Middle cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
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Posterior cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
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Sella turcica
Sella turcica
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Foramen magnum
Foramen magnum
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Middle Ear Ossicles
Middle Ear Ossicles
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Malleus
Malleus
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Incus
Incus
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Stapes
Stapes
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Cranial Fontanelles
Cranial Fontanelles
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Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
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Squamous Portion
Squamous Portion
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Mastoid Process
Mastoid Process
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Petrous Bone
Petrous Bone
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Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone
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Ethmoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
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Cribriform Plate
Cribriform Plate
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Mandible
Mandible
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Body of Mandible
Body of Mandible
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Rami of Mandible
Rami of Mandible
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Condylar Process
Condylar Process
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Coronoid Process
Coronoid Process
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Maxillary Bones
Maxillary Bones
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Zygomatic Bones
Zygomatic Bones
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Palatine Bones
Palatine Bones
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Cavities of the skull
Cavities of the skull
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Frontal Bone
Frontal Bone
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Occipital Bone
Occipital Bone
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Major markings of Occipital Bone
Major markings of Occipital Bone
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Parietal Bones
Parietal Bones
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Foramina, canals, and fissures
Foramina, canals, and fissures
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Study Notes
Bones of the Skull
- The skull is the body's most complex bony structure, formed by two sets of bones: the cerebral cranium and the facial cranium.
- The cerebral cranium is the larger, postero-superior part that contains and protects the brain. It also provides attachment sites for some head and neck muscles.
- The facial cranium is the smaller, antero-inferior part of the skull. It provides the framework for the face, houses the sense organs, and holds the teeth. It also provides openings for air and food passage and anchors facial muscles for expression.
- Bones in the skull are joined by sutures.
- The mandible is the only bone in the skull that is attached by a freely movable joint.
Bones of the Cerebral Cranium / Calvaria
- There are eight bones in the cerebral cranium/calvaria:
- Four single bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital.
- Four paired bones: temporal and parietal.
- Additionally, there are six middle ear ossicles: malleus (2), incus (2), and stapes (2).
Bones of the Facial Cranium
- There are fifteen facial bones:
- Three single bones: mandible, vomer, and hyoid.
- Twelve paired bones: maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, zygomatic, and inferior nasal concha.
Sutures
- Sutures are lines formed by the junction of two skull bones.
- Coronal suture: joins frontal and parietal bones anteriorly.
- Sagittal suture: joins the two parietal bones superiorly.
- Lambdoid suture: joins parietal and occipital bones posteriorly.
- Squamous suture: joins parietal and temporal bones inferiorly.
Fontanelles
- Fontanelles are soft spots between the bones of an infant's skull.
- Anterior fontanelle: the junction where the two frontal and two parietal bones meet. It remains soft until approximately 2 years of age.
- Posterior fontanelle: the junction of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone. It typically closes earlier than the anterior fontanelle, usually during the first few months of life.
Bregma and Lambda
- Bregma: The meeting point between the coronal and sagittal sutures.
- Lambda: The meeting point between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
Skull Terminology (Exterior)
- Norma verticalis: from above
- Norma basalis: from below
- Norma lateralis: from the side
- Norma occipitalis: from behind
- Norma frontalis: from the front
Skull Terminology (Interior)
- Anterior cranial fossa
- Middle cranial fossa
- Posterior cranial fossa
Major Markings of Bones
- Specific features of each bone are outlined under each bone title.
Bones of the Skull: Inferior View
- Listing of specific facial bones, processes, and other key structures visible in an inferior view of the skull is provided.
Overview of Skull Geography
- The skull is divided into the cranial vault and the base.
- Internally, prominent bony ridges (fossae) divide the skull into distinct smaller cavities. These include the middle and inner ear cavities. Also included are the nasal cavity, orbits and air-filled sinuses that occur in several skull bones around the nasal cavity. The skull holds approximately 85 named openings (foramina, canals, and fissures) that allow for critical passageways of important structures. Blood vessels and 12 pairs of cranial nerves are part of the skull structure.
Specific Bones: Detailed descriptions of each bone
- Detailed descriptions of each bone including their location, shapes, major markings are described (e.g., frontal bone, occipital bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, mandible, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, ethmoid bone, hyoid bone, vomer, inferior nasal concha, palatine bones, and middle ear ossicles).
Middle Ear Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
- Detailed descriptions of the different parts of each ossicle are presented
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the skull and the hyoid bone, including their features and formations. Test your knowledge on important structures such as the cranial fossae and ossification types. Perfect for students of human anatomy or related fields.
