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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the Latin word 'clavicula'?
What is the attachment point of the upper limb?
What can be found on the surface of the clavicle?
Which bone is also known as the collarbone?
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What is the composition of the clavicle?
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What is the joint that connects the clavicle to the manubrium sterni?
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When does the ossification of the clavicle finish in males?
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What is the region located anterior to the shoulder region?
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What is a characteristic of the shape of the clavicle?
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How many bones are in the pectoral girdle?
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What is the function of the acromial facet?
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What is the feature of the glenoid cavity?
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What is the name of the bone that forms the posterior part of the shoulder region?
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Which of the following regions overlaps with the thorax?
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What is the name of the bone that forms the distal end of the upper limb?
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What is the name of the bony process that forms the top of the shoulder?
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What is the term for the non-union between the acromion and the neck of the scapula?
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What is the name of the joint that is the only articulation between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle/upper limb?
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What is the shape of the sternoclavicular joint?
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What is the term for the top of the shoulder, derived from the Greek words 'akros' meaning 'top' and 'omos' meaning 'shoulder'?
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What is the name of the process that resembles a crow's beak, derived from the Greek word 'corax' meaning 'crow/raven'?
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What is the name of the fossa located inferior to the spine of the scapula?
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What is the type of joint that the sternoclavicular joint is classified as?
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What is the primary function of the coraco-clavicular ligament?
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What is the type of joint found at the acromio-clavicular joint?
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What is the name of the bursa found between the acromion and the humerus?
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What is the primary function of the gleno-humeral ligaments?
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What is the name of the condition where there is a congenital absence of the pectoralis major muscle?
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What is the name of the ligament that connects the coracoid process to the humerus?
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What is the name of the joint that connects the scapula to the thoracic wall?
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What is the primary function of the trapezoid ligament?
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What is the type of joint found at the gleno-humeral joint?
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What is the name of the ligament that connects the acromion to the clavicle?
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What is the primary function of the Pectoralis minor muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the SC joint?
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What is the primary function of the Levator scapulae muscle?
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Which muscle is also known as the 'big swing muscle'?
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What is the attachment point of the Rhomboid minor muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for rotating the scapula?
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What is the primary function of the Rhomboid major muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for cushioning blood vessels and nerves that pass through the axillary inlet?
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Study Notes
The Shoulder Region
- The shoulder region overlaps with the thorax, upper back, and lower lateral neck.
- It can be divided into three regions: anterior (pectoral region), lateral (deltoid region), and posterior (scapular region).
The Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
- The pectoral girdle consists of four bones: manubrium sterni, clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus.
- The clavicle has a sternal facet, acromial facet, trapezoid line, conoid tubercle, and subclavian groove.
- The scapula has a glenoid cavity, subscapular fossa, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine, acromion process, and coracoid process.
The Joints of the Pectoral Girdle
- The sterno-clavicular (SC) joint is a saddle-shaped synovial joint that allows for slight movements.
- The acromio-clavicular (AC) joint is a synovial joint that allows for slight movements and has a trapezoid ligament, conoid ligament, and acromio-clavicular ligament.
- The "scapulo-thoracic joint" is not a true joint but allows for movements such as elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward rotation, and downward rotation.
- The gleno-humeral joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of movements.
The Gleno-Humeral Joint
- The gleno-humeral joint has a fibrous capsule, articular cartilage, and a synovial membrane.
- The joint is surrounded by ligaments such as the acromio-clavicular ligament, coraco-acromial ligament, coraco-humeral ligament, and gleno-humeral ligaments.
- The joint is also surrounded by muscles such as the biceps brachii and the subacromial bursa.
Anterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles
- Pectoralis major is a muscle that flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the gleno-humeral joint.
- It has a clavicular head, sternocostal head, and abdominal part.
- Congenital hypoplasia of pectoralis major can result in Poland's syndrome.
- Pectoralis minor is a muscle that pulls the tip of the shoulder down and protracts the scapula.
- Subclavius is a muscle that pulls the tip of the shoulder down, stabilizes the SC joint, and may cushion blood vessels and nerves that pass through the axillary inlet.
Posterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles
- The deep posterior axio-appendicular muscles include the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major.
- These muscles elevate, retract, and rotate the scapula.
- Serratus anterior is a muscle that protracts the scapula and is also known as the "big swing muscle".
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Description
This quiz covers the bones, joints, and muscles of the pectoral girdle and arm, including their features, articulations, and movements. Learn about the anterior and posterior axio-appendicular muscles and their attachments.
