Anatomy of the Shoulder Region and Arm
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the Latin word 'clavicula'?

  • Tendril (correct)
  • Key
  • Shoulder
  • Bone

    • What is the attachment point of the upper limb?

  • Thorax
  • Upper back
  • Lower lateral neck
  • Proximal end (correct)

    • What can be found on the surface of the clavicle?

  • Medullary cavity and compact shell
  • Subclavian groove and trapezoid line (correct)
  • Sternal facet and acromial facet
  • Glenoid cavity and conoid tubercle

    • Which bone is also known as the collarbone?

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the clavicle?

    <p>Cancellous bone surrounded by compact shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joint that connects the clavicle to the manubrium sterni?

    <p>Sterno-clavicular (SC) joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the ossification of the clavicle finish in males?

    <p>18-20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region located anterior to the shoulder region?

    <p>Pectoral region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the shape of the clavicle?

    <p>It has a great variation in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are in the pectoral girdle?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acromial facet?

    <p>It forms a joint with the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of the glenoid cavity?

    <p>It is a part of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bone that forms the posterior part of the shoulder region?

    <p>Scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions overlaps with the thorax?

    <p>Shoulder region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bone that forms the distal end of the upper limb?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony process that forms the top of the shoulder?

    <p>Acromion process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the non-union between the acromion and the neck of the scapula?

    <p>Os acromiale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the joint that is the only articulation between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle/upper limb?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Saddle-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the top of the shoulder, derived from the Greek words 'akros' meaning 'top' and 'omos' meaning 'shoulder'?

    <p>Acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that resembles a crow's beak, derived from the Greek word 'corax' meaning 'crow/raven'?

    <p>Coracoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fossa located inferior to the spine of the scapula?

    <p>Infraspinous fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of joint that the sternoclavicular joint is classified as?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the coraco-clavicular ligament?

    <p>To connect the coracoid process to the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of joint found at the acromio-clavicular joint?

    <p>Synovial joint with an incomplete articular disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bursa found between the acromion and the humerus?

    <p>Subacromial bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gleno-humeral ligaments?

    <p>To stabilize the gleno-humeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition where there is a congenital absence of the pectoralis major muscle?

    <p>Poland's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the coracoid process to the humerus?

    <p>Coraco-humeral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the joint that connects the scapula to the thoracic wall?

    <p>Scapulo-thoracic joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trapezoid ligament?

    <p>To stabilize the acromio-clavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of joint found at the gleno-humeral joint?

    <p>Synovial ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that connects the acromion to the clavicle?

    <p>Acromio-clavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Pectoralis minor muscle?

    <p>Protraction of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the SC joint?

    <p>Subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Levator scapulae muscle?

    <p>Elevation of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is also known as the 'big swing muscle'?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment point of the Rhomboid minor muscle?

    <p>Posterior tubercles of C1-4 vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for rotating the scapula?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Rhomboid major muscle?

    <p>Retraction of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for cushioning blood vessels and nerves that pass through the axillary inlet?

    <p>Subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Shoulder Region

    • The shoulder region overlaps with the thorax, upper back, and lower lateral neck.
    • It can be divided into three regions: anterior (pectoral region), lateral (deltoid region), and posterior (scapular region).

    The Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

    • The pectoral girdle consists of four bones: manubrium sterni, clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus.
    • The clavicle has a sternal facet, acromial facet, trapezoid line, conoid tubercle, and subclavian groove.
    • The scapula has a glenoid cavity, subscapular fossa, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine, acromion process, and coracoid process.

    The Joints of the Pectoral Girdle

    • The sterno-clavicular (SC) joint is a saddle-shaped synovial joint that allows for slight movements.
    • The acromio-clavicular (AC) joint is a synovial joint that allows for slight movements and has a trapezoid ligament, conoid ligament, and acromio-clavicular ligament.
    • The "scapulo-thoracic joint" is not a true joint but allows for movements such as elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward rotation, and downward rotation.
    • The gleno-humeral joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of movements.

    The Gleno-Humeral Joint

    • The gleno-humeral joint has a fibrous capsule, articular cartilage, and a synovial membrane.
    • The joint is surrounded by ligaments such as the acromio-clavicular ligament, coraco-acromial ligament, coraco-humeral ligament, and gleno-humeral ligaments.
    • The joint is also surrounded by muscles such as the biceps brachii and the subacromial bursa.

    Anterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles

    • Pectoralis major is a muscle that flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the gleno-humeral joint.
    • It has a clavicular head, sternocostal head, and abdominal part.
    • Congenital hypoplasia of pectoralis major can result in Poland's syndrome.
    • Pectoralis minor is a muscle that pulls the tip of the shoulder down and protracts the scapula.
    • Subclavius is a muscle that pulls the tip of the shoulder down, stabilizes the SC joint, and may cushion blood vessels and nerves that pass through the axillary inlet.

    Posterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles

    • The deep posterior axio-appendicular muscles include the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major.
    • These muscles elevate, retract, and rotate the scapula.
    • Serratus anterior is a muscle that protracts the scapula and is also known as the "big swing muscle".

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    Description

    This quiz covers the bones, joints, and muscles of the pectoral girdle and arm, including their features, articulations, and movements. Learn about the anterior and posterior axio-appendicular muscles and their attachments.

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