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Questions and Answers
Which lymph nodes do the posterior part of the scalp drain into?
Which lymph nodes do the posterior part of the scalp drain into?
What is the branch of the facial nerve that supplies the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
What is the branch of the facial nerve that supplies the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Which nerve is responsible for the sensation of the occipital region of the scalp?
Which nerve is responsible for the sensation of the occipital region of the scalp?
What is the motor nerve supply to the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
What is the motor nerve supply to the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
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Which of the following is not a branch of the cervical plexus?
Which of the following is not a branch of the cervical plexus?
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Which lymph nodes do the lateral part of the scalp drain into?
Which lymph nodes do the lateral part of the scalp drain into?
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What is the branch of the facial nerve that supplies the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
What is the branch of the facial nerve that supplies the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of the Scalp
- Definition: The scalp is the soft tissue covering the vault of the skull.
- Extent:
- Anteriorly: the eyebrows
- Posteriorly: the superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance
- Laterally: the superior temporal lines
Layers of the Scalp
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- Skin: Has hairs and numerous sebaceous glands
-
- Superficial fascia (dense connective tissue):
- Binds the skin tightly to the aponeurosis
- Contains the blood vessels and the nerves of the scalp
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- Epicranial aponeurosis
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- Subaponeurotic space (loose areolar tissue):
- Contains loose areolar tissue
- Loosely connects the epicranial aponeurosis with the pericranium
- Allows the movement of the first 3 layers of the scalp over the skull
- Contains a few small arteries and emissary veins
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- The pericranium (Periosteum)
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
- Consists of 2 frontal bellies in front and 2 occipital bellies behind
- Origin:
- Frontal bellies: from the skin of the forehead and the eyebrows
- Occipital bellies: from the lateral 2/3 of the highest nuchal line
- Insertion: the frontal and occipital bellies are inserted to the epicranial aponeurosis
- Nerve supply: the facial nerve
- Frontal bellies: by the temporal branch
- Occipital bellies: by the posterior auricular branch
- Action:
- Both frontal and occipital bellies move the scalp forward and backward
- Frontal bellies draw the scalp forwards
- Occipital bellies draw the scalp backward
- Frontal bellies elevate the eyebrows and are responsible for transverse wrinkles of the forehead
Arterial Supply of the Scalp
- In front of the auricle:
- Supratrochlear artery
- Supraorbital artery
- Superficial temporal artery
- Behind the auricle:
- Posterior auricular artery
- Occipital artery
Venous Drainage of the Scalp
- Superficial veins:
- Supraorbital vein and Supratrochlear veins unite to form the facial vein
- Superficial temporal vein unites with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein
- Posterior auricular vein unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein
- Occipital vein drains into the suboccipital venous plexus which drains into the vertebral vein
- Deep veins (emissary veins):
- Present in the subaponeurotic space
- Communicate the superficial veins of the scalp with the dural venous sinuses
Nerve Supply of the Scalp
- Sensory nerve supply:
- In front of the auricle:
- Supratrochlear and Supraorbital nerves: branches from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve: branch from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
- Behind the auricle:
- Great auricular nerve (c2, 3)
- Lesser occipital nerve (c2)
- Great occipital nerve (c2)
- Third occipital nerve (c3)
- In front of the auricle:
- Motor nerve supply:
- From branches of the facial nerve
- In front of the auricle: the temporal branch of the facial nerve supplies the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
- Behind the auricle: the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve supplies the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis
Lymphatic Drainage of the Scalp
- In front of the auricle: The anterior part (forehead) and lateral part of the scalp drain into superficial parotid (preauricular) lymph nodes
- Behind the auricle: The posterior part of the scalp drains into mastoid and occipital lymph nodes
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of the scalp, including its definition, extent, layers, and blood supply, nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage. Understand the occipitofrontalis muscle and its functions.
