Anatomy 2
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Questions and Answers

Which region of the vertebral column contains the most number of vertebrae?

  • Lumbar
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic (correct)
  • Sacral

    • How many vertebrae are there in total in the vertebral column?

  • 34
  • 26 (correct)
  • 32
  • 33

    • What is the function of the vertebral column?

  • Posture
  • Support body weight
  • Locomotion
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the name of the structure formed by the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae?

    <p>Sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of curvature is concave posteriorly?

    <p>Lordotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra?

    <p>Tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the costal groove on the inferior border of the rib?

    <p>To accommodate the intercostal vessels and nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles and the first and upper part of the second costal cartilages?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle (Angle of Louis)?

    <p>To mark the approximate level of the 2nd pair of costal cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of posterior sacral foramina are there?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx?

    <p>Narrow inferior border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many vertebrae are fused together to form the coccyx?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the typical cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Transverse foramen in transverse process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thoracic cage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper name for the 7th cervical vertebra?

    <p>Vertebra prominens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the typical thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>costal facet on the transverse processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of spinal nerves exit off the spinal cord?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pairs of ribs are attached anteriorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages?

    <p>First seven pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intervertebral foramen?

    <p>Allows passage of spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the intervertebral discs?

    <p>Facilitating movement between vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the length of the vertebral column is formed by the intervertebral discs?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the intervertebral disc acts as a shock absorber?

    <p>Nucleus pulposus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Strong attachment between vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebral segments have no intervertebral discs?

    <p>Between atlas and skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Acts as a shock absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Concentric rings of fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc?

    <p>Semi-gelatinous mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disc between the L2 and L3 vertebral segments?

    <p>L2/3 Disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the atlas with the occipital bone?

    <p>Cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between the atlas and the occipital bone?

    <p>Synovial condyloid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uncovertebral joints in the cervical spine?

    <p>Limit lateral flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebrae?

    <p>Radiate ligament of head of rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between the tubercle of the rib and the adjacent transverse process?

    <p>Synovial planar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many vertebrae does the 7th rib articulate with?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed between the cartilages of the true ribs and the sternum?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the intervertebral disc fills the central part and absorbs compression forces between the vertebrae?

    <p>Nucleus pulposus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows slide and glide motion between the articular processes of the vertebrae?

    <p>Planar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and helps preserve the upright posture of the vertebral column?

    <p>Ligamenta flava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebrae is connected by the supraspinous ligament and extends from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum?

    <p>Spinous processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows rotation of the atlas (and, with it, the skull) upon the axis?

    <p>Atlanto-axial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch of the atlas?

    <p>Transverse ligament of the atlas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of joints are the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints?

    <p>Craniovertebral joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament limits backward bending and supports the anterior convexity in the lumbosacral area?

    <p>Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is within the vertebral canal and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae?

    <p>Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament covers a plexus of arteries, veins, and lymphatics and the nutrient foramina in the vertebral canal?

    <p>Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament has a relatively low tensile strength and does not significantly restrict forward bending?

    <p>Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint are the articulations of vertebral bodies?

    <p>Cartilaginous symphysis joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ways does each vertebra articulate with the upper and lower vertebrae?

    <p>Two ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

    <p>Allow for slight movement between the vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments connect the cartilages of the true ribs to the sternum?

    <p>Anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint are the sternocostal joints?

    <p>Synchondrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint movements are responsible for moving the ribs in a superior and lateral direction?

    <p>Sternocostal + Costotransverse and Costovertebral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motion does the sternocostal joint alone perform?

    <p>Pulls the sternum in a superior direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the lateral end of each costal cartilage to the rib?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint are the costochondral articulations?

    <p>Synchondrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of motion performed by the sternocostal joint?

    <p>'Bucket handle' and 'pump handle'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments?

    <p>To connect the cartilages of the true ribs to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements are permitted in the sternocostal joints?

    <p>Slight gliding movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a zygapophysial joint?

    <p>a synovial diarthrosis joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the supraspinous ligaments connect?

    <p>SPs from C7 to sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Above C7, what is the supraspinous ligament referred to as?

    <p>ligamentum nuchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are interspinous ligaments?

    <p>SP to SP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intertransverse ligaments?

    <p>TVP to TVP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ligaments together make the cruciate ligament of the atlas?

    <p>transverse ligament, superior longitudinal band and inferior longitudinal band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tectorial membrane an extension of?

    <p>PLL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the alar ligaments?

    <p>on either side of the dens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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