66 Questions
Which region of the vertebral column contains the most number of vertebrae?
Thoracic
How many vertebrae are there in total in the vertebral column?
26
What is the function of the vertebral column?
All of the above
What is the name of the structure formed by the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae?
Sacrum
Which type of curvature is concave posteriorly?
Lordotic
Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra?
Tubercle
What is the purpose of the costal groove on the inferior border of the rib?
To accommodate the intercostal vessels and nerve
Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles and the first and upper part of the second costal cartilages?
Manubrium
What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle (Angle of Louis)?
To mark the approximate level of the 2nd pair of costal cartilages
How many pairs of posterior sacral foramina are there?
4
Which part of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx?
Narrow inferior border
How many vertebrae are fused together to form the coccyx?
4
Which of the following is a characteristic of the typical cervical vertebrae?
Transverse foramen in transverse process
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
All of the above
What is the proper name for the 7th cervical vertebra?
Vertebra prominens
Which of the following is a characteristic of the typical thoracic vertebrae?
costal facet on the transverse processes
How many pairs of spinal nerves exit off the spinal cord?
31
Which pairs of ribs are attached anteriorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages?
First seven pairs
What is the function of the intervertebral foramen?
Allows passage of spinal nerves
Which of the following is NOT a function of the intervertebral discs?
Facilitating movement between vertebrae
What percentage of the length of the vertebral column is formed by the intervertebral discs?
25%
Which part of the intervertebral disc acts as a shock absorber?
Nucleus pulposus
What is the function of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?
Strong attachment between vertebrae
Which vertebral segments have no intervertebral discs?
Between atlas and skull
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?
Acts as a shock absorber
What is the composition of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc?
Concentric rings of fibrocartilage
What is the composition of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc?
Semi-gelatinous mass
What is the name of the disc between the L2 and L3 vertebral segments?
L2/3 Disc
Which ligament connects the atlas with the occipital bone?
Cruciate ligament
What type of joint is formed between the atlas and the occipital bone?
Synovial condyloid joint
What is the function of the uncovertebral joints in the cervical spine?
Limit lateral flexion
Which ligament connects the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebrae?
Radiate ligament of head of rib
What type of joint is formed between the tubercle of the rib and the adjacent transverse process?
Synovial planar joint
How many vertebrae does the 7th rib articulate with?
2
What type of joint is formed between the cartilages of the true ribs and the sternum?
Synovial joint
Which part of the intervertebral disc fills the central part and absorbs compression forces between the vertebrae?
Nucleus pulposus
Which type of joint allows slide and glide motion between the articular processes of the vertebrae?
Planar joint
Which ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and helps preserve the upright posture of the vertebral column?
Ligamenta flava
Which part of the vertebrae is connected by the supraspinous ligament and extends from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum?
Spinous processes
Which joint allows rotation of the atlas (and, with it, the skull) upon the axis?
Atlanto-axial joint
Which ligament retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch of the atlas?
Transverse ligament of the atlas
Which set of joints are the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints?
Craniovertebral joints
Which ligament limits backward bending and supports the anterior convexity in the lumbosacral area?
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
Which ligament is within the vertebral canal and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae?
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Which ligament covers a plexus of arteries, veins, and lymphatics and the nutrient foramina in the vertebral canal?
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Which ligament has a relatively low tensile strength and does not significantly restrict forward bending?
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Which type of joint are the articulations of vertebral bodies?
Cartilaginous symphysis joints
How many ways does each vertebra articulate with the upper and lower vertebrae?
Two ways
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
Allow for slight movement between the vertebrae
Which ligaments connect the cartilages of the true ribs to the sternum?
Anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments
What type of joint are the sternocostal joints?
Synchondrosis
Which joint movements are responsible for moving the ribs in a superior and lateral direction?
Sternocostal + Costotransverse and Costovertebral
What motion does the sternocostal joint alone perform?
Pulls the sternum in a superior direction
What holds the lateral end of each costal cartilage to the rib?
Periosteum
What type of joint are the costochondral articulations?
Synchondrosis
What are the two types of motion performed by the sternocostal joint?
'Bucket handle' and 'pump handle'
What is the function of the anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments?
To connect the cartilages of the true ribs to the sternum
What type of movements are permitted in the sternocostal joints?
Slight gliding movements
What is a zygapophysial joint?
a synovial diarthrosis joint
What does the supraspinous ligaments connect?
SPs from C7 to sacrum
Above C7, what is the supraspinous ligament referred to as?
ligamentum nuchae
What are interspinous ligaments?
SP to SP
What are intertransverse ligaments?
TVP to TVP
What ligaments together make the cruciate ligament of the atlas?
transverse ligament, superior longitudinal band and inferior longitudinal band
What is the tectorial membrane an extension of?
PLL
Where are the alar ligaments?
on either side of the dens
Quiz: Anatomy of the Rib Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the rib with this quiz. Learn about the different parts of a rib, including the head, neck, tubercle, shaft, and angle. Discover how the inferior border forms the costal groove and accommodates intercostal vessels and nerves. Challenge yourself to identify the articulation points of the rib with the vertebral bodies.
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