Anatomy of the Pleura

Structure of the Pleura

• The pleura is a thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs
• Consists of two layers:
  • Visceral pleura: inner layer that adheres to the lung surface
  • Parietal pleura: outer layer that lines the thoracic cavity

Functions of the Pleura

• Produces serous fluid that reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall during breathing
• Allows for smooth movement of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation

Pleural Fluid

• A clear, serous fluid that fills the space between the visceral and parietal pleura
• Functions:
  • Reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall
  • Aids in the removal of debris and bacteria from the pleural space
  • Helps to regulate the balance of fluids in the body

Clinical Relevance

• Pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura, often caused by infection or injury
• Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can be transudative (clear fluid) or exudative (cloudy fluid)
• Pneumothorax: accumulation of air in the pleural space, which can cause the lung to collapse