Pharynx Anatomy Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

What type of epithelium lines the anterior 1/3 of the internal nose?

Simple squamous epithelium

Keratinized squamous epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (correct)

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

What is the function of ciliated cells in the respiratory system?

Secrete mucus onto the luminal surface

Undifferentiated stem cells that can replace other cell types

Serve as sensory receptors

Sweep sputum toward the oral cavity (correct)

Which type of cells may become goblet cells in response to metaplasia?

Brush cells

Small granule cells

Ciliated cells

Basal cells (correct)

What is the function of mucous goblet cells in the respiratory system?

Secrete mucus onto the luminal surface Signup and view all the answers

Where are small granule cells found in the respiratory system?

In the submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brush cells in the respiratory system?

Serve as sensory receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for secreting mucus onto the luminal surface in the respiratory system?

Mucous goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basal (short) cells in the respiratory epithelium?

Undifferentiated stem cells that can replace other cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nasal mucosa?

To line the internal nose with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Where is the nasal mucosa thickest in the nasal cavity?

On the septum and conchae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about conducting airways?

Conducting airways include the trachea and bronchi Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are part of the neurocranium (skull)?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Palatine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cribriform plate in the viscerocranium?

Transmits olfactory nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is measured to determine mouth opening and the ability to align axes for laryngoscopy?

Inter-incisor gap Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal measurement for the thyromental distance?

> 6 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sniffing position in airway assessment?

To improve laryngoscopy view by displacing the tongue and aligning axes Signup and view all the answers

What does applying Larson’s maneuver aim to relieve?

Laryngospasm Signup and view all the answers

What type of airway does not participate in gas exchange?

'Conducting airways' Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intrapulmonary airways?

'Gas exchange' Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the nasal and oral cavities?

Palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the soft palate?

Flap valve to separate nasal and oral cavities Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the nasal cavity?

Facial artery Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue lines the nasal mucosa?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

In the pterygopalatine fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the nose?

CN I (olfactory) Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures within the nasal cavity that help humidify and filter air?

Conchae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of obstruction of paranasal sinuses flow?

Infection within the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tongue?

Taste perception Signup and view all the answers

What are the two regions that divide the oral cavity?

Vestibule and oral cavity proper Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following serves as an airway adjunct?

Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of infection due to obstruction of paranasal sinuses flow?

Decreased olfaction ability Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for depressing the hyoid and larynx, and are active in swallowing?

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the sole abductor of the vocal folds?

Posterior cricoarytenoid Signup and view all the answers

What action occurs reflexively when liquid or particles approach the laryngeal vestibule?

Adduction of the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in most of the larynx?

Respiratory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper vocal cords?

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Paralysis of ipsilateral vocal cord abductors Signup and view all the answers

What structure marks the lowermost portion of the trachea?

Carina Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries contribute to the blood supply of the trachea?

Bronchial arteries, inferior thyroid arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main innervation for sensory function of the trachea?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is used as a long-term surgical airway?

Tracheostomy Signup and view all the answers

In case of emergency, which procedure is used as an airway access?

Cricothyrotomy Signup and view all the answers

What muscle fills the posterior gaps where the trachea is adjacent to the esophagus?

Trachealis muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve mostly innervates the oropharynx?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharyngeal plexus?

Innervate the pharynx muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical assessment tool for evaluating the airway based on visibility of oral structures?

Mallampati score Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cricoid cartilage located?

At the junction of the trachea and the larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?

Lymphoid tissue in the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Provides a moveable base for the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for constricting the pharynx during swallowing?

External circular layer Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for elevating the pharynx during speaking?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ligaments in the larynx?

Connect the laryngocartilages to the hyoid bone or trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cormack-Lehane score used to assess?

Visibility of the glottic opening during direct laryngoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Where are the aryepiglottic folds located?

Forming the lateral walls of the epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the corniculate cartilages in the larynx?

May be visible when vocal cords are not Signup and view all the answers

What is the rima glottidis?

The opening between true cords and arytenoid cartilages Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage is described as a 'signet ring' and completely encircles the airway?

Cricoid Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thyroepiglottic ligament attached?

To the thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vocal ligament in the larynx?

To attach to arytenoid cartilages at vocal process Signup and view all the answers

What is found inside the cuneiform cartilages?

'False cords' Signup and view all the answers

What is located in the infraglottic/subglottic cavity of the larynx?

'True vocal cords' Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for opening the rima glottidis widely into an inverted kite shape during a deep inhalation?

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to less swelling in adults in relation to laryngeal folds/cords?

Poor vascularity in vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharynx is a musculo-skeletal organ located between the nasal cavity and the larynx, continuous with the esophagus
Pharynx has four layers: mucosal, muscular, and two fascial layers
Mucosal layer has different types of epithelium in different parts: respiratory in the nasopharynx, and stratified squamous in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Pharynx has three subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, each with distinct functions
Nasopharynx: mostly innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), includes pharyngotympanic tubes, pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Oropharynx: mostly innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), includes the root of tongue, lingual tonsils, palatopharyngeal arch, and palatine tonsils
Fauces is a subdivision of the oropharynx, bounded by the soft palate, root of the tongue, and the pillars of the fauces
Laryngopharynx: posterior to the larynx, bifurcates to the trachea and esophagus, contains the piriform fossa and the Aryepiglottic folds
Waldeyer's tonsillar ring: an incomplete tonsillar ring made up of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx
Pharyngeal muscles: two layers of skeletal muscle - the external circular layer and the internal longitudinal layer, responsible for constricting and elevating the pharynx during swallowing and speaking, respectively
The pharyngeal plexus innervates the muscles of the pharynx, except for the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Mallampati score: a clinical assessment tool for evaluating the airway based on the visibility of the oral structures, with higher scores indicating less visibility
Upper airway obstruction: can occur at the nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal level, may be poorly tolerated without local anesthesia
Larynx: organ of voice production and protection of the airway, extends from the hyoid bone to the trachea, composed of cartilages and muscles, and is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
Cricoid cartilage: a cartilage of the larynx, located at the junction of the trachea and the larynx, and serves as a landmark for blocking the internal laryngeal nerve
Hyoid bone: a unique bone in the body, suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones, provides a moveable base for the tongue, and is required for swallowing and respiration.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the pharynx anatomy with this quiz covering its layers, subdivisions, and functions. Explore the different epithelium types and muscular components of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Anatomy of the Pharynx Quiz

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