Anatomy of the Pericardium

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Which artery lies within the pericardium to the left of the ascending aorta?

Left subclavian artery

Superior vena cava

Pulmonary trunk (correct)

Right pulmonary artery

At what level does the trachea start?

C6 vertebra (correct)

T12 level

T4/5 disc

T10 level

Which part of the oesophagus is composed of striated muscle?

Entire oesophagus

Lower 1/3

Middle 1/3

Upper 1/3 (correct)

Which node cluster is important in the spread of lung tumor?

Superior tracheobronchial nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

It is located in the chest region. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following correctly defines the term mediastinum?

It refers to the cavity that contains the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardium?

It is a serous membrane that surrounds the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the phrenic nerves?

They are responsible for innervating the diaphragm. Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?

Left Jugular Lymph Trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph trunk drains the right upper limb?

Right Subclavian Lymph Trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph trunk carries lymph from most of the body, except the upper right thorax, right upper limb, and right head and neck?

Thoracic Duct Signup and view all the answers

Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?

Left Brachiocephalic Vein Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium and reflects onto itself around the roots of the great vessels?

Parietal layer Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pericardial cavity located?

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pericardial fluid?

To reduce friction during contraction of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into left and right pleural cavities?

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the parietal pleura?

Visceral pleura Signup and view all the answers

The fibrous pericardium is attached to which of the following structures anteriorly?

Sternum Signup and view all the answers

The inferior mediastinum is located

Below the transverse plane through the sternal angle Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?

Left Jugular Lymph Trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pericardial fluid?

To lubricate the heart and reduce friction Signup and view all the answers

Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?

Left brachiocephalic vein Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

Between the vertebral column and the sternum Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?

Between the manubrium, sternum, and pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardial sinuses?

Surrounded by the reflection of the serous pericardium around the right and left pulmonary veins and the inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the nerve supply to the pericardium?

Phrenic nerve provides sensory and vasomotor fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the arterial plane in the superior mediastinum?

Continuation of the aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the aortic arch?

Posterior to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the left pulmonary artery?

Inferior to the arch of the aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the trachea?

Superior to the tracheal bifurcation Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?

Anterior to the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into superior and inferior mediastinum?

The diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm?

Fibrous pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT related to the right side of the mediastinum?

Left subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mediastinum contains the heart and origins of the great vessels?

Middle mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the mediastinum?

The superior boundary is the thoracic inlet and the inferior boundary is the thoracic outlet Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?

Both the right and left phrenic nerves arise from the cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the clinical conditions that affect the pericardium?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymph drainage of the mediastinal nodes?

The mediastinal nodes drain into the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks Signup and view all the answers

Which joint allows for movement between the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra?

Costotransverse joint Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum via synovial joints?

Ribs 1-7 Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a primary cartilaginous joint that allows articulation between the ribs and the sternum?

Sternocostal joint Signup and view all the answers

Which intercostal nerves do not form a nerve plexus and maintain their segmental orientation?

T1 and T2 Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries lie in the costal groove at the inferior edge of the rib, between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Intercostal arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which intercostal nerve gives off the lateral cutaneous branch and becomes superficial parasternally?

T2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

Between the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?

Posterior to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?

Supplying the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?

In the superior mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the composition of the thoracic cage?

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, and 12 thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the classification of ribs?

True ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-10), and floating ribs (11-12) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the first rib?

Deep and non-palpable, with a scalene tubercle for muscle attachment Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the breast in adult females?

Between the levels of 2nd - 6th ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the breast?

Consists of 15-25 lobes comprising lobules and ducts, surrounded by fat and connective tissue stroma Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Areola + Lateral quadrants drain to axillary lymph nodes, Medial quadrants drain to parasternal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

The thoracic inlet is bounded anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum, posteriorly by the body of the T1 vertebra, and laterally by the first pair of ribs. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the intercostal musculature?

The intercostal musculature functions to elevate the ribs during inspiration and depress the ribs during expiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the cutaneous distribution of the intercostal nerves?

The intercostal nerves supply the skin of the thoracic wall and abdomen, following a horizontal course. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the suspensory ligaments of the breast?

They connect the deep fascia to the dermis of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the blood supply of the breast?

The internal thoracic artery and axillary artery are the main suppliers Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

The areola and lateral quadrants drain to the axillary lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?

Protection of the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

Superiorly: Manubrium of the sternum; Laterally: First pair of ribs; Posteriorly: T1 vertebra Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the intercostal nerves?

They run between the ribs and supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic wall Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the intercostal veins?

The intercostal veins drain to the brachiocephalic vein or to the superior vena cava via the azygos system Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the azygos system?

The azygos system drains the posterior wall of the thorax and part of the posterior abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the accessory hemiazygos vein?

The accessory hemiazygos vein descends from the 4th intercostal space and joins the azygos vein at approximately T8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the costovertebral joints?

The costovertebral joints are located between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?

The thoracic inlet is bounded by the T1 vertebra, 1st rib and costal cartilage, and the manubrium. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the costotransverse joints?

The costotransverse joints are located between the tubercle of the rib (except 11 and 12) and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and intervertebral discs. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?

The thoracic inlet is located at the superior aspect of the thoracic cage, between the first pair of ribs and the manubrium of the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?

The thorax provides protection to the heart and great vessels, lungs and major airways, liver, stomach, spleen, and kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?

Pulmonary injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?

In the mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph trunk carries lymph from most of the body, except the upper right thorax, right upper limb, and right head and neck?

Thoracic duct Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following accurately describes the cutaneous distribution of the intercostal nerves?

Innervates the skin and muscles of the thoracic wall Signup and view all the answers

Anatomy of the Pericardium

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Questions and Answers

Which artery lies within the pericardium to the left of the ascending aorta?

At what level does the trachea start?

Which part of the oesophagus is composed of striated muscle?

Which node cluster is important in the spread of lung tumor?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

Which one of the following correctly defines the term mediastinum?

Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardium?

Which one of the following accurately describes the phrenic nerves?

Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?

Which lymph trunk drains the right upper limb?

Which lymph trunk carries lymph from most of the body, except the upper right thorax, right upper limb, and right head and neck?

Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?

Which layer of the pericardium lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium and reflects onto itself around the roots of the great vessels?

Where is the pericardial cavity located?

What is the function of pericardial fluid?

Which nerve is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm?

Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into left and right pleural cavities?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the parietal pleura?

The fibrous pericardium is attached to which of the following structures anteriorly?

The inferior mediastinum is located

Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?

What is the function of pericardial fluid?

Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?

Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardial sinuses?

Which one of the following accurately describes the nerve supply to the pericardium?

Which one of the following accurately describes the arterial plane in the superior mediastinum?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the aortic arch?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the left pulmonary artery?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the trachea?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?

Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into superior and inferior mediastinum?

Which part of the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm?

Which of the following structures is NOT related to the right side of the mediastinum?

Which part of the mediastinum contains the heart and origins of the great vessels?

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the mediastinum?

Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?

Which one of the following accurately describes the clinical conditions that affect the pericardium?

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymph drainage of the mediastinal nodes?

Which joint allows for movement between the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra?

Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum via synovial joints?

Which structure is a primary cartilaginous joint that allows articulation between the ribs and the sternum?

Which intercostal nerves do not form a nerve plexus and maintain their segmental orientation?

Which arteries lie in the costal groove at the inferior edge of the rib, between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Which intercostal nerve gives off the lateral cutaneous branch and becomes superficial parasternally?

Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?

Which of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?

Which one of the following accurately describes the composition of the thoracic cage?

Which one of the following accurately describes the classification of ribs?

Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the first rib?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the breast in adult females?

Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the breast?

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the intercostal musculature?

Which one of the following accurately describes the cutaneous distribution of the intercostal nerves?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the suspensory ligaments of the breast?

Which one of the following accurately describes the blood supply of the breast?

Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?

Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the intercostal nerves?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the intercostal veins?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the azygos system?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the accessory hemiazygos vein?

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the costovertebral joints?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the costotransverse joints?

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the thoracic cage?

Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?

Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?

Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?