80 Questions
Which artery lies within the pericardium to the left of the ascending aorta?
Pulmonary trunk
At what level does the trachea start?
C6 vertebra
Which part of the oesophagus is composed of striated muscle?
Upper 1/3
Which node cluster is important in the spread of lung tumor?
Superior tracheobronchial nodes
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?
It is located in the chest region.
Which one of the following correctly defines the term mediastinum?
It refers to the cavity that contains the heart.
Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardium?
It is a serous membrane that surrounds the heart.
Which one of the following accurately describes the phrenic nerves?
They are responsible for innervating the diaphragm.
Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?
Left Jugular Lymph Trunk
Which lymph trunk drains the right upper limb?
Right Subclavian Lymph Trunk
Which lymph trunk carries lymph from most of the body, except the upper right thorax, right upper limb, and right head and neck?
Thoracic Duct
Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Which layer of the pericardium lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium and reflects onto itself around the roots of the great vessels?
Parietal layer
Where is the pericardial cavity located?
Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
What is the function of pericardial fluid?
To reduce friction during contraction of the heart
Which nerve is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into left and right pleural cavities?
Mediastinum
Which of the following is NOT a part of the parietal pleura?
Visceral pleura
The fibrous pericardium is attached to which of the following structures anteriorly?
Sternum
The inferior mediastinum is located
Below the transverse plane through the sternal angle
Which lymph trunk drains the left side of the head and neck?
Left Jugular Lymph Trunk
What is the function of pericardial fluid?
To lubricate the heart and reduce friction
Where does the thoracic duct open into the venous system?
Left brachiocephalic vein
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?
Between the vertebral column and the sternum
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?
Between the manubrium, sternum, and pericardium
Which one of the following accurately describes the pericardial sinuses?
Surrounded by the reflection of the serous pericardium around the right and left pulmonary veins and the inferior vena cava
Which one of the following accurately describes the nerve supply to the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve provides sensory and vasomotor fibers
Which one of the following accurately describes the arterial plane in the superior mediastinum?
Continuation of the aortic arch
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the aortic arch?
Posterior to the trachea
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the left pulmonary artery?
Inferior to the arch of the aorta
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the trachea?
Superior to the tracheal bifurcation
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?
Anterior to the vertebral column
Which structure divides the thoracic cavity into superior and inferior mediastinum?
The diaphragm
Which part of the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm?
Fibrous pericardium
Which of the following structures is NOT related to the right side of the mediastinum?
Left subclavian artery
Which part of the mediastinum contains the heart and origins of the great vessels?
Middle mediastinum
Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the mediastinum?
The superior boundary is the thoracic inlet and the inferior boundary is the thoracic outlet
Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?
Both the right and left phrenic nerves arise from the cervical plexus
Which one of the following accurately describes the clinical conditions that affect the pericardium?
All of the above
Which one of the following accurately describes the lymph drainage of the mediastinal nodes?
The mediastinal nodes drain into the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks
Which joint allows for movement between the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra?
Costotransverse joint
Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum via synovial joints?
Ribs 1-7
Which structure is a primary cartilaginous joint that allows articulation between the ribs and the sternum?
Sternocostal joint
Which intercostal nerves do not form a nerve plexus and maintain their segmental orientation?
T1 and T2
Which arteries lie in the costal groove at the inferior edge of the rib, between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?
Intercostal arteries
Which intercostal nerve gives off the lateral cutaneous branch and becomes superficial parasternally?
T2
Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?
All of the above
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic cavity?
Between the lungs
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the oesophagus?
Posterior to the trachea
Which of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the phrenic nerves?
Supplying the diaphragm
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?
In the superior mediastinum
Which one of the following accurately describes the composition of the thoracic cage?
Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, and 12 thoracic vertebrae
Which one of the following accurately describes the classification of ribs?
True ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-10), and floating ribs (11-12)
Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the first rib?
Deep and non-palpable, with a scalene tubercle for muscle attachment
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the breast in adult females?
Between the levels of 2nd - 6th ribs
Which one of the following accurately describes the structure of the breast?
Consists of 15-25 lobes comprising lobules and ducts, surrounded by fat and connective tissue stroma
Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?
Areola + Lateral quadrants drain to axillary lymph nodes, Medial quadrants drain to parasternal lymph nodes
Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
The thoracic inlet is bounded anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum, posteriorly by the body of the T1 vertebra, and laterally by the first pair of ribs.
Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the intercostal musculature?
The intercostal musculature functions to elevate the ribs during inspiration and depress the ribs during expiration.
Which one of the following accurately describes the cutaneous distribution of the intercostal nerves?
The intercostal nerves supply the skin of the thoracic wall and abdomen, following a horizontal course.
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the suspensory ligaments of the breast?
They connect the deep fascia to the dermis of the skin
Which one of the following accurately describes the blood supply of the breast?
The internal thoracic artery and axillary artery are the main suppliers
Which one of the following accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the breast?
The areola and lateral quadrants drain to the axillary lymph nodes
Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?
Protection of the heart and lungs
Which one of the following accurately describes the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
Superiorly: Manubrium of the sternum; Laterally: First pair of ribs; Posteriorly: T1 vertebra
Which one of the following accurately describes the course and distribution of the intercostal nerves?
They run between the ribs and supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic wall
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the intercostal veins?
The intercostal veins drain to the brachiocephalic vein or to the superior vena cava via the azygos system
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the azygos system?
The azygos system drains the posterior wall of the thorax and part of the posterior abdominal wall
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the accessory hemiazygos vein?
The accessory hemiazygos vein descends from the 4th intercostal space and joins the azygos vein at approximately T8
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the costovertebral joints?
The costovertebral joints are located between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra.
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?
The thoracic inlet is bounded by the T1 vertebra, 1st rib and costal cartilage, and the manubrium.
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the costotransverse joints?
The costotransverse joints are located between the tubercle of the rib (except 11 and 12) and the transverse process of its corresponding vertebra.
Which of the following accurately describes the structure of the thoracic cage?
The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and intervertebral discs.
Which one of the following accurately describes the location of the thoracic inlet?
The thoracic inlet is located at the superior aspect of the thoracic cage, between the first pair of ribs and the manubrium of the sternum.
Which one of the following accurately describes the functions of the thorax?
The thorax provides protection to the heart and great vessels, lungs and major airways, liver, stomach, spleen, and kidneys.
Which of the following injuries can be caused by rib fractures?
Pulmonary injury
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the thymus gland?
In the mediastinum
Which nerve is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which lymph trunk carries lymph from most of the body, except the upper right thorax, right upper limb, and right head and neck?
Thoracic duct
Which one of the following accurately describes the cutaneous distribution of the intercostal nerves?
Innervates the skin and muscles of the thoracic wall
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pericardium and its layers with this quiz. Learn about the parietal and visceral layers, the pericardial cavity, and the production of pericardial fluid.
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