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Questions and Answers
Where does the pharynx extend from?
What is the function of the nasopharynx?
What is located in the upper part of the nasopharynx?
What is the effect of an enlarged adenoid?
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What is the function of the oropharynx?
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What is located in the lateral wall of the oropharynx?
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How many cartilages make up the larynx?
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What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?
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What is the primary function of nasal conchae in the nasal cavity?
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What is the main reason for the presence of paranasal sinuses in the skull?
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Which paranasal sinus is present at birth?
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Where does the frontal sinus drain into?
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What is the location of the sphenoidal sinus?
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What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in terms of protection?
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What is the name of the condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses due to retention of mucus secretion?
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What is the shape of the pharynx?
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What forms the posterior sloping part of the nasal cavity?
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What is the function of the vestibule in the nasal cavity?
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What is the name of the bony structure that forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
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What is the term for the elevation on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
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What is the function of the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity?
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What is the term for the upper part of the nasal mucosa responsible for olfaction?
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What is the consequence of a deviated nasal septum and turbinates hypertrophy?
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What is the name of the bony structure that forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
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What are the two parts of the external nose?
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What is the function of the posterior nasal opening in the nasal cavity?
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What is the name of the bony part that forms the middle horizontal part of the nasal cavity's roof?
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What is the name of the opening through which each nasal cavity opens on the face?
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What separates the two nasal cavities?
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What is the name of the bony part that forms the anterior sloping part of the nasal cavity's roof?
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What is the function of the nasal cavity?
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What is the name of the structure that forms the lower part of the external nose?
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What is the location of the cuneiform cartilages?
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What is the function of the vocal ligament?
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What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity?
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What is the nerve supply of the cricothyroid muscle?
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What is the effect of a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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What is laryngomalacia?
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What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?
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What is the conus elasticus?
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Study Notes
Nasal Cavity
- Posterior sloping part of the nasal cavity is formed by the body of the sphenoid bone
- Floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone
- Medial wall of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum, which consists of the septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and vomer
- Lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three elevations: superior, middle, and inferior conchae, separated by three meatuses (superior, middle, and inferior)
- The nasal mucosa is divided into three types: vestibule, respiratory mucosa, and olfactory mucosa
Paranasal Sinuses
- Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull bones surrounding the nose
- Functions of paranasal sinuses:
- Decrease the weight of the skull
- Increase the resonance of the voice
- Act as air cushions for the brain, eye, and pituitary gland
- Types of paranasal sinuses:
- Frontal sinus: present in the frontal bone, drains into the middle meatus
- Maxillary sinus: present in the maxilla, the largest air sinus, opens at the middle meatus
- Sphenoidal sinus: present in the body of the sphenoid bone, opens above the superior concha
- Ethmoidal sinuses: three groups (anterior, middle, and posterior) of air-filled spaces in the ethmoid bone
Pharynx
- Pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube about 12 cm long, extending from the base of the skull to the level of the 6th cervical vertebra (C6)
- Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
- Functions of the pharynx:
- Acts as a passage for air and food
- Contains the nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx
Larynx
- Larynx is a tube consisting of 9 cartilages (3 single and 3 paired) connected together by membranes and ligaments
- Extends from the root of the tongue to the beginning of the trachea at the level of C6 vertebra
- Functions of the larynx:
- Passage of air to trachea and lungs
- Production of voice by vocal cords
- Reflex expulsion of foreign bodies
- Laryngeal cartilages:
- Thyroid: single hyaline cartilage, forms a median elevation called the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
- Cricoid: single hyaline cartilage, shaped like a signet ring
- Epiglottis: single elastic cartilage, behind the root of the tongue, closes the laryngeal orifice during swallowing
- Arytenoid: paired cartilages, shaped like pyramids
Respiratory System
- Components of the respiratory system:
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree
- Lungs
Applied Anatomy
- Deviated nasal septum and turbinate hypertrophy may cause difficulty in breathing
- Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses due to retention of mucus secretion
- Laryngitis: inflammation and swelling of the larynx
- Laryngomalacia: congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx above the vocal cords
- Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: may cause stridor, hoarseness of voice, and aphonia
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Description
This quiz covers the different parts of the nasal cavity, including the body of sphenoid, palatine process of maxilla, and other surrounding bones and cartilages.
