Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
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Questions and Answers

Where does the pharynx extend from?

  • From the nasal cavity to the oral cavity
  • From the base of the skull to the level of the 6th cervical vertebra (C6) (correct)
  • From the larynx to the trachea
  • From the base of the skull to the level of the 4th cervical vertebra (C4)

    • What is the function of the nasopharynx?

  • Acts as a passage for air only (correct)
  • Not a passage for anything
  • Acts as a passage for food and air
  • Acts as a passage for food only

    • What is located in the upper part of the nasopharynx?

  • Laryngeal prominence
  • Nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) (correct)
  • Palatine tonsil
  • Eustachian tube

    • What is the effect of an enlarged adenoid?

    <p>Difficulty in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the oropharynx?

    <p>Acts as a passage for food and air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located in the lateral wall of the oropharynx?

    <p>Palatine tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cartilages make up the larynx?

    <p>9 cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?

    <p>Shaped like a signet ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nasal conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To increase the surface area for olfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the presence of paranasal sinuses in the skull?

    <p>To decrease the weight of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paranasal sinus is present at birth?

    <p>Maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the frontal sinus drain into?

    <p>The middle meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the sphenoidal sinus?

    <p>In the body of the sphenoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in terms of protection?

    <p>They act as air cushions for the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses due to retention of mucus secretion?

    <p>Sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the pharynx?

    <p>Funnel-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the posterior sloping part of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Body of sphenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vestibule in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To contain hair and prevent dust from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony structure that forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Septal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the elevation on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To warm inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the upper part of the nasal mucosa responsible for olfaction?

    <p>Olfactory mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a deviated nasal septum and turbinates hypertrophy?

    <p>Difficulty in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony structure that forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Palatine process of maxilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of the external nose?

    <p>Upper bony part and lower cartilaginous part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior nasal opening in the nasal cavity?

    <p>It opens posteriorly in the nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony part that forms the middle horizontal part of the nasal cavity's roof?

    <p>Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opening through which each nasal cavity opens on the face?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two nasal cavities?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony part that forms the anterior sloping part of the nasal cavity's roof?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>It is not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that forms the lower part of the external nose?

    <p>Cartilaginous part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the cuneiform cartilages?

    <p>In the aryepiglottic folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vocal ligament?

    <p>It is important in voice production, controlling the stream of air passing through the rima glottidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity?

    <p>The space between the vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of the cricothyroid muscle?

    <p>External laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is laryngomalacia?

    <p>A congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx above the vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

    <p>It adducts the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conus elasticus?

    <p>A membrane lining the larynx, including the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nasal Cavity

    • Posterior sloping part of the nasal cavity is formed by the body of the sphenoid bone
    • Floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone
    • Medial wall of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum, which consists of the septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and vomer
    • Lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three elevations: superior, middle, and inferior conchae, separated by three meatuses (superior, middle, and inferior)
    • The nasal mucosa is divided into three types: vestibule, respiratory mucosa, and olfactory mucosa

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull bones surrounding the nose
    • Functions of paranasal sinuses:
      • Decrease the weight of the skull
      • Increase the resonance of the voice
      • Act as air cushions for the brain, eye, and pituitary gland
    • Types of paranasal sinuses:
      • Frontal sinus: present in the frontal bone, drains into the middle meatus
      • Maxillary sinus: present in the maxilla, the largest air sinus, opens at the middle meatus
      • Sphenoidal sinus: present in the body of the sphenoid bone, opens above the superior concha
      • Ethmoidal sinuses: three groups (anterior, middle, and posterior) of air-filled spaces in the ethmoid bone

    Pharynx

    • Pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube about 12 cm long, extending from the base of the skull to the level of the 6th cervical vertebra (C6)
    • Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
    • Functions of the pharynx:
      • Acts as a passage for air and food
      • Contains the nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in the nasopharynx

    Larynx

    • Larynx is a tube consisting of 9 cartilages (3 single and 3 paired) connected together by membranes and ligaments
    • Extends from the root of the tongue to the beginning of the trachea at the level of C6 vertebra
    • Functions of the larynx:
      • Passage of air to trachea and lungs
      • Production of voice by vocal cords
      • Reflex expulsion of foreign bodies
    • Laryngeal cartilages:
      • Thyroid: single hyaline cartilage, forms a median elevation called the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
      • Cricoid: single hyaline cartilage, shaped like a signet ring
      • Epiglottis: single elastic cartilage, behind the root of the tongue, closes the laryngeal orifice during swallowing
      • Arytenoid: paired cartilages, shaped like pyramids

    Respiratory System

    • Components of the respiratory system:
      • Nose
      • Pharynx
      • Larynx
      • Trachea
      • Bronchial tree
      • Lungs

    Applied Anatomy

    • Deviated nasal septum and turbinate hypertrophy may cause difficulty in breathing
    • Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses due to retention of mucus secretion
    • Laryngitis: inflammation and swelling of the larynx
    • Laryngomalacia: congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx above the vocal cords
    • Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: may cause stridor, hoarseness of voice, and aphonia

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different parts of the nasal cavity, including the body of sphenoid, palatine process of maxilla, and other surrounding bones and cartilages.

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