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Questions and Answers
The floor of the mouth cavity is largely occupied by the buccinator muscle.
The floor of the mouth cavity is largely occupied by the buccinator muscle.
False (B)
The vestibule of the mouth is the space between the teeth and gums.
The vestibule of the mouth is the space between the teeth and gums.
False (B)
The mucous membrane of the mouth is covered with stratified squamous epithelium.
The mucous membrane of the mouth is covered with stratified squamous epithelium.
True (A)
The cheek pouch prevents chewed food from spilling onto the ground.
The cheek pouch prevents chewed food from spilling onto the ground.
The soft palate is crucial for articulation of speech.
The soft palate is crucial for articulation of speech.
The tongue is more sensitive than fingertips.
The tongue is more sensitive than fingertips.
The mucous membrane on the hard palate is adherent to the periosteum of the bone.
The mucous membrane on the hard palate is adherent to the periosteum of the bone.
The lips and cheeks are covered entirely with hairy skin.
The lips and cheeks are covered entirely with hairy skin.
The buccinator muscle is involved in the process of mastication.
The buccinator muscle is involved in the process of mastication.
The tongue converts laryngeal noise into articulate speech.
The tongue converts laryngeal noise into articulate speech.
The pad in the lips shrivels when an individual loses the rest of their body fat.
The pad in the lips shrivels when an individual loses the rest of their body fat.
The mucous membrane of the lips is represented by a small area in the sensory cortex.
The mucous membrane of the lips is represented by a small area in the sensory cortex.
The inferior alveolar nerve supplies the upper gums.
The inferior alveolar nerve supplies the upper gums.
The vestibule of the mouth communicates with the mouth cavity around the teeth.
The vestibule of the mouth communicates with the mouth cavity around the teeth.
The periodontal ligament appears radiopaque due to its dense collagen fibers.
The periodontal ligament appears radiopaque due to its dense collagen fibers.
The buccal nerve does not usually innervate the upper gums.
The buccal nerve does not usually innervate the upper gums.
Incisor crowns are adapted for chewing and grinding.
Incisor crowns are adapted for chewing and grinding.
The dentine of a tooth is exposed at the surface where enamel and cementum meet.
The dentine of a tooth is exposed at the surface where enamel and cementum meet.
Odontoblasts are able to produce dentine within the pulp cavity if the surface is breached.
Odontoblasts are able to produce dentine within the pulp cavity if the surface is breached.
The mental branch of the mandibular nerve contributes to the innervation of the red margin of the lower lips.
The mental branch of the mandibular nerve contributes to the innervation of the red margin of the lower lips.
Upper molars have five cusps on their crowns.
Upper molars have five cusps on their crowns.
The inferior alveolar nerve supplies the three molars and two premolars in the lower jaw.
The inferior alveolar nerve supplies the three molars and two premolars in the lower jaw.
In the upper jaw, the anterior buccal root of the first molar is supplied by the posterior superior alveolar nerve.
In the upper jaw, the anterior buccal root of the first molar is supplied by the posterior superior alveolar nerve.
Deciduous molars are replaced by permanent premolars in the dental development process.
Deciduous molars are replaced by permanent premolars in the dental development process.
Infiltration anesthesia is generally effective for all mandibular teeth.
Infiltration anesthesia is generally effective for all mandibular teeth.
The upper and lower incisors meet edge to edge in a closed position.
The upper and lower incisors meet edge to edge in a closed position.
The palatal cusps of the upper premolars lie in the groove between the lingual and buccal cusps of their opposite members.
The palatal cusps of the upper premolars lie in the groove between the lingual and buccal cusps of their opposite members.
Each upper tooth articulates only with its opposite member in occlusion.
Each upper tooth articulates only with its opposite member in occlusion.
For an inferior alveolar and lingual nerve block, the injection point is in front of the pterygomandibular raphe.
For an inferior alveolar and lingual nerve block, the injection point is in front of the pterygomandibular raphe.
Deciduous teeth begin to erupt at around six months of age.
Deciduous teeth begin to erupt at around six months of age.
The ameloblasts are the first to become active in producing enamel before odontoblasts produce dentine.
The ameloblasts are the first to become active in producing enamel before odontoblasts produce dentine.
The stellate reticulum undergoes atrophy after the ameloblasts commence to secrete enamel.
The stellate reticulum undergoes atrophy after the ameloblasts commence to secrete enamel.
The mucoid membrane is tightly bound to the bone in the region of the hard palate for mastication purposes.
The mucoid membrane is tightly bound to the bone in the region of the hard palate for mastication purposes.
The epithelial sheath of the enamel organ is only involved in the formation of the tooth crown.
The epithelial sheath of the enamel organ is only involved in the formation of the tooth crown.
The last deciduous tooth to erupt is typically the long-rooted canine.
The last deciduous tooth to erupt is typically the long-rooted canine.
The greater palatine artery supplies blood to the hard palate by emerging from the palatine canal.
The greater palatine artery supplies blood to the hard palate by emerging from the palatine canal.
Before eruption, the crown of the tooth is fully formed while the root is only partially developed.
Before eruption, the crown of the tooth is fully formed while the root is only partially developed.
The first permanent molar, known as the 6-year molar, erupts after some deciduous teeth have been shed.
The first permanent molar, known as the 6-year molar, erupts after some deciduous teeth have been shed.
Sharpey's fibres are important for the mucous layer in areas where mastication occurs in the hard palate.
Sharpey's fibres are important for the mucous layer in areas where mastication occurs in the hard palate.
The mucoperiosteum can be stripped from the bone while the periosteum and mucous membrane cannot be separated in the hard palate.
The mucoperiosteum can be stripped from the bone while the periosteum and mucous membrane cannot be separated in the hard palate.
Flashcards
Mouth
Mouth
The oral cavity extending from lips to palatoglossal arches.
Vestibule of the mouth
Vestibule of the mouth
The space between lips/cheeks and teeth/gingivae.
Mouth cavity proper
Mouth cavity proper
The space inside the teeth and gums, where food is chewed.
Hard palate
Hard palate
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Soft palate
Soft palate
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Buccinator muscle
Buccinator muscle
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Tongue
Tongue
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Trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
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Suction pad
Suction pad
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Mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
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Incisor Function
Incisor Function
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Canine Shape
Canine Shape
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Premolar Cusps
Premolar Cusps
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Molar Cusps
Molar Cusps
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Nerve Supply
Nerve Supply
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Dental Anaesthesia
Dental Anaesthesia
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Tooth Eruption
Tooth Eruption
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Tooth Development
Tooth Development
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Permanent Teeth
Permanent Teeth
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Dental Lamina
Dental Lamina
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Enamel Organ
Enamel Organ
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Ameloblasts
Ameloblasts
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Stellate Reticulum
Stellate Reticulum
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Odontoblasts
Odontoblasts
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Dental Papilla
Dental Papilla
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Dentine
Dentine
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Cementum
Cementum
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Eruption
Eruption
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Palate
Palate
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Mucoperiosteum
Mucoperiosteum
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Gingivae
Gingivae
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Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue
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Clinical crown
Clinical crown
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Periodontal ligament
Periodontal ligament
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Permanent dentition
Permanent dentition
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Cervical margin
Cervical margin
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Teeth types
Teeth types
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Study Notes
Mouth and Hard Palate
- The mouth extends from the lips to the palatoglossal arches.
- The vestibule of the mouth is the space between lips/cheeks and teeth/gums.
- The mouth cavity proper is inside the teeth and gums.
- The tongue occupies much of the mouth floor, and the hard palate forms the roof.
- Breathing occurs during mastication with the soft palate functioning as a flap valve.
- The mouth serves for eating, talking, and as an emergency airway in dyspnoea.
Lips and Cheeks
- Mobile lips are crucial for speech articulation.
- Lips are also prehensile for grasping food and sucking.
- Cheeks prevent food from spilling during chewing.
- The buccinator muscle returns food to molar teeth for rechewing.
- The suctorial pad in newborns and some adults helps prevent cheek indrawing during sucking. The pad is located between the buccinator and masseter.
Tongue
- The tongue is used for grasping, moving, and swallowing food.
- Tongue movements transform laryngeal sounds into speech.
- The tongue's mucous membrane is highly sensitive, even more than fingertips, enabling taste perception and the detection of foreign objects (e.g., fish bones).
Mucous Membrane of the Mouth
- The mouth's mucous membrane is firmly attached to underlying structures.
- It's made of stratified squamous epithelium and is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (both maxillary and mandibular branches).
Gingivae (Gums)
- Gingivae are firmly attached to alveolar margins of jaws, surrounding tooth necks.
- Composed of dense vascular fibrous tissue covered by stratified squamous, thinly keratinized epithelium.
- Adapt to alveolar resorption (e.g., after tooth extraction).
- Gingival mucosa transitions from alveolar mucosa 3-4 mm from the vestibular reflection (indicated by a color change).
- Innervated by superior and inferior alveolar nerves (maxillary and mandibular).
Vestibule of the Mouth
- A closed space between teeth/gums and lips/cheeks, leading to the mouth cavity.
- Parotid duct opens onto a papilla opposite the second upper molar.
- Molar glands are small mucous glands near the parotid duct.
- Buccal and labial glands are scattered throughout the vestibule (especially in the lower lip).
Teeth
- Teeth are primarily composed of dentine (calcified, avascular tissue).
- The crown is covered by enamel (hardest calcified animal tissue), and the root by cementum (calcified tissue similar to bone).
- The term "clinical crown" refers to the visible part of the tooth, differing from the "anatomical crown."
- The pulp cavity contains dental pulp (nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics).
- Odontoblasts, the tall columnar cells lining the pulp cavity, produce dentine.
- The periodontal ligament's collagen fibres embed the cementum in the alveolar bone socket, holding the tooth firmly in place.
- Human adults have 32 teeth (8 per half-jaw).
- Teeth shapes are tailored for distinct functions (biting, cutting, holding, chewing).
- Upper molars have three roots; lower molars have two. Most other teeth have only one root (though sometimes bifid).
- Each tooth has a unique root and crown structure.
Nerve Supply of Teeth
- Nerve supply relates to the pulp.
- Pulp and periodontal ligament share nerve supply but not necessarily the overlying gums.
- Upper molars are supplied by posterior superior alveolar nerves.
- Lower molars are supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Canine and incisor teeth are supplied by specific branches.
Dental Anesthesia
- Maxillary alveolar bone is porous; anesthesia can be deposited in gingivae.
- Buccal infiltration allows painless drilling.
- Palatal infiltration is needed for extractions.
- Inferior alveolar nerve block is crucial for lower jaw teeth. Buccal and lingual block is often needed.
Tooth Position
- Upper teeth form a continuous curve (horseshoe).
- Lower anterior teeth curve straightens to posterior.
- Upper incisors lie in front of lowers.
- Canines lie behind their lower counterparts.
- Palatal cusps of upper teeth fit between buccal cusps.
Deciduous Dentition
- Deciduous (milk) teeth erupt around six months and are fully formed by two years of age.
- Composed of 20 teeth (5 teeth/half-jaw).
- Deciduous molars are replaced by permanent premolars, not molars.
Development and Eruption of Teeth
- Tooth development involves budding from the mouth's epithelium (ectoderm).
- Ectoderm produces enamel, triggering mesoderm development of dentine and cementum.
- Primary dental lamina guides the formation of deciduous and permanent teeth.
- Tooth germs develop into enamel organ, producing enamel from ameloblasts.
- Mesodermal cells of dental papilla produce dentine from odontoblasts.
- Tooth formation involves interactions of ectodermal and mesodermal cells.
- Roots form after the crown of the tooth (eventually one-third of the tooth is formed). A fibrous tissue condensation forms (dental follicle), which opens to the bone surface by gubernaculum.
- Eruption involves both root elongation and bone resorption.
- Normal eruption timelines are given for both deciduous and permanent teeth.
Cavity of the Mouth
- The hard palate consists of the maxilla and palatine bone.
- The incisive fossa is a midline depression in the hard palate where incisive foramina/canals are located.
- The hard palate's mucous membrane is firmly blended with the underlying periosteum.
- Transverse masticatory ridges help with mastication.
- Blood supply to the hard palate comes from the greater palatine artery.
- The soft palate is part of the mouth and pharynx.
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Description
Explore the essential structures and functions of the mouth, hard palate, lips, cheeks, and tongue. This quiz covers their roles in eating, speaking, and respiration. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of these crucial components of the oral cavity.
