Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where is the Middle Mediastinum located?
Where is the Middle Mediastinum located?
Which layer of the pericardium prevents overfilling of the heart?
Which layer of the pericardium prevents overfilling of the heart?
What is the function of Endocardium in the heart?
What is the function of Endocardium in the heart?
Which structure forms a barrier between the oxygen-hungry myocardium and blood?
Which structure forms a barrier between the oxygen-hungry myocardium and blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of Serous Pericardium in relation to fibrous pericardium?
What is the role of Serous Pericardium in relation to fibrous pericardium?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the Middle Mediastinum relate to the lungs?
How does the Middle Mediastinum relate to the lungs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the Tricuspid Valve?
What is the function of the Tricuspid Valve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of sound is associated with the closure of the AV Valve?
What type of sound is associated with the closure of the AV Valve?
Signup and view all the answers
How many pocket-like cusps do each of the SemiLunar Valves consist of?
How many pocket-like cusps do each of the SemiLunar Valves consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase does the Semilunar Valve open?
During which phase does the Semilunar Valve open?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required for the heart to function?
What is required for the heart to function?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal electrical axis range in degrees?
What is the normal electrical axis range in degrees?
Signup and view all the answers
In which direction is the electrical axis usually oriented?
In which direction is the electrical axis usually oriented?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a QRS negative in lead I and positive in aVF indicate?
What does a QRS negative in lead I and positive in aVF indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What method is used to determine the electrical axis from an ECG trace?
What method is used to determine the electrical axis from an ECG trace?
Signup and view all the answers
What does QRS positive in lead I and negative in aVF indicate?
What does QRS positive in lead I and negative in aVF indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What causes repolarization in cardiac cells?
What causes repolarization in cardiac cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ions are responsible for depolarization in cardiac cells?
Which ions are responsible for depolarization in cardiac cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during plateau phase in cardiac cell action potentials?
What happens during plateau phase in cardiac cell action potentials?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers further release of Ca+ by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in cardiac cells?
What triggers further release of Ca+ by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in cardiac cells?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of cardiac cells are Fast 'Non-Pacemaker' Type action potentials found?
In which type of cardiac cells are Fast 'Non-Pacemaker' Type action potentials found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is responsible for making the membrane potential more negative during repolarization in cardiac cells?
What is responsible for making the membrane potential more negative during repolarization in cardiac cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of action potentials in the conduction network of the heart?
What is the role of action potentials in the conduction network of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does direct stimulation of the Parasympathetic NS have on heart rate?
What effect does direct stimulation of the Parasympathetic NS have on heart rate?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does NorAdrenaline have on the heart when released by the Sympathetic NS?
What effect does NorAdrenaline have on the heart when released by the Sympathetic NS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one characteristic of action potentials in comparison to Ventricular Myocardial Fibers?
What is one characteristic of action potentials in comparison to Ventricular Myocardial Fibers?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when AcetylCholine binds to Muscarinic receptors in SA/AV Nodes?
What happens when AcetylCholine binds to Muscarinic receptors in SA/AV Nodes?
Signup and view all the answers
