أسئلة الـ Lung (ريتين ثانية أناتومي)

The inner layer of the pleura that directly covers the lung, except at the hilum.

The outer layer of the pleura that lines the thoracic wall.

The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing a small amount of fluid.

The uppermost part of the lung, extending above the clavicle.

The lower portion of the lung, resting on the diaphragm.

The anterior border of the left lung shows a concavity opposite the 4th and 5th intercostal spaces, due to the heart's position.

The artery carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Arteries supplying oxygenated blood to the lung tissue and visceral pleura.

The structures entering and leaving the lung through a specific area on the lung called the hilum.

The superior pulmonary vein is the most anterior structure on the mediastinal surface. It's responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The inferior pulmonary vein is the most inferior structure on the mediastinal surface. It's responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The main airway that carries air to and from the lungs. It's the most posterior structure on the mediastinal surface.

The most superior structure on the right mediastinal surface. It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

The left phrenic nerve and vagus nerve pass between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery.

The structures situated behind the hilum of the lung include the esophagus, azygous vein, and descending aorta.

Anterior to the hilum of the lung, you'll find the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) along with the right phrenic nerve. You'll also find the pulmonary trunk.

The cardiac impression on the right lung corresponds to "Right Atrium", while the left lung's cardiac impression corresponds to "Left Ventricle, Left Auricle, and Right Ventricle."

The surface anatomy of the lungs and pleurae provides key landmarks and anatomical relationships.

The right lung is typically larger in size compared to the left lung.

The left lung contains a concavity on its anterior border called the cardiac notch where the heart sits.

The left lung, unlike the right, has a tongue-like projection called the lingula located in the upper lobe.

The right lung possesses both an oblique and a horizontal fissure, dividing it into three lobes - upper, middle, and lower. The left lung only has an oblique fissure, resulting in two lobes - upper and lower.

The bronchi, the airways leading to the lungs, divide before entering the hilum in the right lung, while in the left lung, they divide after entering the hilum.

An extension of the pleural cavity that allows the lung to expand during inhalation. It's like a pocket of space that lets the lung move freely.

Located between the costal and mediastinal surfaces of the pleura, found along the anterior border of the pleura.

Located between the costal and diaphragmatic surfaces of the pleura, found along the inferior border of the pleura.

A procedure to remove fluid from the pleural cavity using a needle. It's usually performed at the 8th or 9th intercostal space at the mid-axillary line.

A horizontal line that runs from the anterior border at the 4th costal cartilage to where it intersects the oblique fissure in the mid-axillary line. It's only found in the right lung.

An independent functional unit of the lung, comprising a segmental bronchus, its associated bronchioles, alveoli, a branch of the pulmonary artery, and veins that run between segments.

Allows the surgical removal of a segment without affecting neighboring portions of the lung.

The right lung has 10 segments: 3 in the superior lobe (apical, anterior, posterior), 5 in the inferior lobe (apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal) and 2 in the middle lobe (medial, lateral).

The left lung has 8-10 segments: 3 in the superior lobe (apical, anterior, posterior), 5 in the inferior lobe (apical, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal), and 2 in the lingula (superior, inferior).

Each segment contains a segmental bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and segments of pulmonary veins running between them.

The uppermost portion of the lung extending above the clavicle.

The lower portion of the lung, resting on the diaphragm and separated from the liver on the right and liver, stomach, and spleen on the left.

The arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the lung tissue and visceral pleura.

The main airway that carries air to and from the lungs. It is the most posterior structure on the mediastinal surface.

Structures situated behind the hilum of the lung, including the esophagus, azygous vein, and descending aorta.

Structures anterior to the lung hilum, encompassing the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), along with the right phrenic nerve and the pulmonary trunk.

The left lung exhibits a concavity on its anterior border, known as the cardiac notch, due to the heart's positioning.

The right lung is typically larger in size compared to the left lung, primarily due to the space occupied by the heart on the left side.

The visceral pleura, covering the lung, is supplied by the autonomic nervous system. This means it doesn't transmit pain signals.

In contrast to the visceral pleura, the parietal pleura is sensitive to pain as it's supplied by somatic nerves like the phrenic and intercostal nerves.

The hilum is the gateway for structures to enter and exit the lung. It's a crucial anatomical landmark on the mediastinal surface of the lung.

The superior pulmonary vein is the most anterior structure at the hilum. It carries oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.

The inferior pulmonary vein, located at the bottom of the hilum, also carries oxygenated blood back to the heart.

The pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood, sits between the two bronchi on the right lung, and is the most superior structure on the left.

The structures above the hilum of the right lung include the right brachiocephalic vein, right phrenic nerve, trachea, right vagus nerve, and esophagus. On the left side, you'll find the left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, esophagus, and thoracic duct.

An extension of the pleural cavity that allows the lung to expand during inhalation. It's like a pocket of space that lets the lung move freely.

Found between the costal and mediastinal surfaces of the pleura, along the anterior border of the pleura.

Found between the costal and diaphragmatic surfaces of the pleura, along the inferior border of the pleura.

A procedure to remove fluid from the pleural cavity using a needle. It's usually performed in the 8th or 9th intercostal space at the mid-axillary line.

A vertical line drawn from the medial end of the inferior border of the lung to the apex of the lung or cervical pleura.

A functional unit of the lung, consisting of a segmental bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins that run between segments.

Each segment can be isolated and removed surgically without affecting neighboring segments.

The right lung has a total of 10 segments: 3 in the superior lobe, 5 in the inferior lobe, and 2 in the middle lobe.

The left lung has 8-10 segments: 3 in the superior lobe, 5 in the inferior lobe, and 2 in the lingula.

The distribution of bronchopulmonary segments differs between the right and left lungs due to the presence of a horizontal fissure in the right lung and a lingula in the left lung.