Anatomy of the Liver Lecture

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of adult body weight does the liver account for?

1.5%

2.5% (correct)

10%

In which quadrant of the abdomen is the liver mainly located?

Right lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Right upper quadrant (correct)

Left lower quadrant

During inspiration, the liver moves in which direction?

Anteriorly

Superiorly

Posteriorly

Inferiorly (correct)

What is the shape of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

Convex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the visceral surface of the liver?

It is irregular and relatively flat Signup and view all the answers

At full expiration, the liver reaches the level of which intercostal space?

4th intercostal space Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of the liver in an adult?

1500 g Signup and view all the answers

In a mature fetus, what percentage of body weight does the liver account for?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Extends between the porta hepatis of liver and first 2cm of the superior part of duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coronary ligaments?

Connects the posterior surface of liver to the inferior surface of diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the space that exists between the diaphragm and the diaphragmatic surface of liver?

Subphrenic space Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ligament that connects the anterior and superior aspects of the liver to the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall and the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

Falciform ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the space that exists immediately inferior to the liver?

Subhepatic space Signup and view all the answers

What is the gravity-dependent part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position?

Hepatorenal recess Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape formed by the fissures on the visceral surface of the liver?

The letter H Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lesser omentum?

Extends between the porta hepatis of liver and first 2cm of the superior part of duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior part of the right sagittal fissure?

Fossa for the gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus?

Ligamentum venosum Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ligament that connects the groove for the ligamentum venosum of liver to the lesser curvature of stomach?

Hepatogastric ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the region on the visceral surface of the liver that reflects its relationship to the gallbladder?

Fossa for gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the area on the posterior aspect of the liver that is not covered by visceral peritoneum?

Bare area of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the region on the visceral surface of the liver that reflects its relationship to the right kidney and right suprarenal gland?

Renal and suprarenal areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the liver that is not covered by visceral peritoneum, in addition to the bare area?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What structures pass through the transverse fissure?

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, lymphatic vessels, hepatic nerve plexus, and hepatic bile ducts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Liver

The liver is the largest gland and second largest organ in the body, weighing approximately 1500g (2.5% of adult body weight).
In a mature fetus, the liver is proportionately larger (5% of body weight) and serves as a hematopoietic organ.

Position of the Liver

The liver is located in the right upper quadrant (mainly) and left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
It also extends into the right hypochondrium (mainly) and upper part of the epigastric region and left hypochondrium.
The sharp inferior border of the normal liver crosses the midline at the level of L1 vertebra.
During inspiration or when standing upright, the liver moves inferiorly and part of it lies in the right lumbar region.
At full expiration, the liver reaches the level of the 4th intercostal space, and its apex lies deep to the left nipple.

Surfaces of the Liver

The liver has two surfaces: diaphragmatic and visceral.
The diaphragmatic surface is smooth, dome-shaped, and convex, representing the anterior, superior, lateral, and some posterior aspects of the liver.
The visceral surface is irregular and relatively flat or even concave, bearing multiple fissures and impressions from contact with other organs.

Fissures on the Visceral Surface of the Liver

The visceral surface has two sagittal fissures (right and left) linked centrally by a transverse fissure, forming the letter H on the visceral surface.
The right sagittal fissure is formed by the fossa for the gallbladder anteriorly and the groove for the vena cava posteriorly.
The left sagittal (umbilical) fissure is formed by the fissure for the round ligament of the liver anteriorly and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum posteriorly.
The transverse fissure is formed by the porta hepatis, where the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, lymphatic vessels, hepatic nerve plexus, and hepatic bile ducts enter and leave the liver.

Relations of the Liver with Peritoneum

The liver is an intraperitoneal organ, with its surface covered by visceral peritoneum, except for the bare area of the liver.
The bare area of the liver is demarcated by the upper and lower layers of the coronary ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments.
The liver is connected to other structures by peritoneal reflections, including the falciform ligament, coronary ligaments, and lesser omentum.
The lesser omentum is composed of two ligaments: the hepatogastric ligament and the hepatoduodenal ligament.

The subphrenic space exists between the diaphragm and the diaphragmatic surface of the liver, separated into right and left subphrenic spaces by the falciform ligament.
The subhepatic space exists immediately inferior to the liver, with a posterosuperior extension called the hepatorenal recess (hepatorenal pouch or Morison pouch).

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Description

Learn about the liver, its functions, position, surfaces, and relation with the peritoneum. Understand the basics of the liver as the largest gland and second largest organ in the body.