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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating all muscles on the anterior aspect of the leg?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating all muscles on the anterior aspect of the leg?
Which muscle originates from the lower 1/3 medial surface of the fibula?
Which muscle originates from the lower 1/3 medial surface of the fibula?
What is the insertion point of the extensor hallucis longus?
What is the insertion point of the extensor hallucis longus?
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Which structure thickens to form the superior and inferior extensor retinacula at the ankle region?
Which structure thickens to form the superior and inferior extensor retinacula at the ankle region?
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Which artery continues as the dorsalis pedis artery?
Which artery continues as the dorsalis pedis artery?
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What does the small saphenous vein primarily course behind?
What does the small saphenous vein primarily course behind?
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Which nerve originates from the femoral nerve and innervates a significant area of the leg?
Which nerve originates from the femoral nerve and innervates a significant area of the leg?
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What is the primary function of the fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle?
What is the primary function of the fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle?
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Which muscle is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve?
Which muscle is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve?
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What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
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Which artery provides muscular branches to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which artery provides muscular branches to the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which muscle is responsible for extension and eversion of the foot?
Which muscle is responsible for extension and eversion of the foot?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Where does the great saphenous vein course in relation to the ankle?
Where does the great saphenous vein course in relation to the ankle?
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Which structure forms the deep fascia of the leg?
Which structure forms the deep fascia of the leg?
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Which muscle is responsible for the flexion and eversion of the foot?
Which muscle is responsible for the flexion and eversion of the foot?
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What is the primary role of the superficial peroneal nerve?
What is the primary role of the superficial peroneal nerve?
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Which artery primarily supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which artery primarily supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which of the following muscles has its origin on the lateral condyle of the tibia?
Which of the following muscles has its origin on the lateral condyle of the tibia?
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What is the insertion point of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle?
What is the insertion point of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle?
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What is the function of the deep peroneal nerve?
What is the function of the deep peroneal nerve?
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Which compartment of the leg contains the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle?
Which compartment of the leg contains the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle?
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What forms the superior and inferior extensor retinacula at the ankle region?
What forms the superior and inferior extensor retinacula at the ankle region?
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What is the primary function of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle?
What is the primary function of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle?
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What is the insertion point of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle?
What is the insertion point of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle?
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Which nerve is primarily responsible for the innervation of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the innervation of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
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Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
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What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the hallux and inverting the foot?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the hallux and inverting the foot?
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What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which of the following muscles is located in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Which of the following muscles is located in the lateral compartment of the leg?
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Study Notes
Cutaneous Nerves of the Leg
- Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Leg: Branch of the Common Peroneal Nerve
- Superficial Peroneal Nerve: Branch of the Common Peroneal Nerve
- Saphenous Nerve: Branch of the Femoral Nerve
Superficial Veins of the Leg
- Great Saphenous Vein: Courses anteriorly to the medial malleolus
- Small Saphenous Vein: Courses posteriorly to the lateral malleolus
Deep Fascia of the Leg
- Fascia Cruris: Deep fascia of the leg
- Anterior & Posterior Intermuscular Septa: Separate the muscle compartments of the leg
- Superior & Inferior Extensor Retinacula: Thickening of the fascia at the ankle region that hold tendons in place
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg
- Fibularis (peroneus) Longus
- Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis
Tibialis Anterior Muscle
- Origin: Lateral condyle & upper half of the lateral surface of the tibia, and interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone
- Function: Extension & inversion of the foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle
- Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, upper 3/4 medial surface of the fibula, and interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Dorsal aponeurosis of digits 2-5 (similar to hand)
- Function: Extension of the digits 2-5 and the foot
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle
- Origin: Lower 1/3 medial surface of the fibula, and interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone
- Function: Extension & eversion of the foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of medial surface of the fibula, and interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe)
- Function: Extension of the hallux and foot, Inversion of the foot
Innervation of Anterior Leg Muscles
- All muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by the Deep Peroneal Nerve (branch of the Common Peroneal Nerve)
Origin, Insertion, and Function of Lateral and Anterior Leg Muscles
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle
- Origin: Head & upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, and intermuscular septa
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal bone
- Function: Flexion & eversion of the foot
- Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle
- Origin: Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone
- Function: Flexion & eversion of the foot
- Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve
-
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Innervation: Deep Peroneal Nerve
Arteries of the Anterior Leg
-
Anterior Tibial Artery
- Muscular branches
- Anterior Recurrent Tibial Artery
- Posterior Recurrent Tibial Artery
- Anterior Lateral Malleolar Artery
- Anterior Medial Malleolar Artery
- Continues as the Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
- Muscular branches
Cutaneous Nerves
- Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Leg - originates from the common peroneal nerve
- Superficial Peroneal Nerve - originates from the common peroneal nerve
- Saphenous Nerve - originates from the femoral nerve
Superficial Veins
- Great Saphenous Vein - courses anterior to the medial malleolus
- Small Saphenous Vein - courses posterior to lateral malleolus
Deep Fascia of Leg (Fascia Cruris)
- Anterior and Posterior intermuscular septa
- Thickens at the ankle region to form the superior and inferior extensor retinacula
Anterior Compartment Muscles
-
Tibialis Anterior
- Origin: Lateral condyle and upper half of the lateral surface of the tibia, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone
- Function: Extension and inversion of the foot
-
Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, upper 3/4 of the medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Dorsal aponeurosis of digits 2-5 (similar to the hand)
- Function: Extension of digits 2-5 and the foot
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
- Origin: Lower 1/3 of the medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone
- Function: Extension and eversion of the foot
-
Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of the medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe)
- Function: Extension of the hallux and the foot, inversion of the foot
- Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (branch of common peroneal nerve)
Lateral Compartment Muscles
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
- Origin: Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, intermuscular septa
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal bone
- Function: Flexion and eversion of the foot
- Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
- Origin: Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone
- Function: Flexion and eversion of the foot
- Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve
Arteries
-
Anterior Tibial Artery
- Muscular Branches: Anterior recurrent tibial artery, Posterior recurrent tibial artery, Anterior lateral malleolar artery, Anterior medial malleolar artery
- Continues as the Dorsalis pedis artery
Nerves
-
Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
- Muscular branches
Cutaneous Nerves of the Leg
- Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Leg: originates from the common peroneal nerve.
- Superficial Peroneal Nerve: originates from the common peroneal nerve.
- Saphenous Nerve: originates from the femoral nerve.
Superficial Veins
- Great Saphenous Vein: courses anterior to the medial malleolus
- Small Saphenous Vein: courses posterior to the lateral malleolus
Deep Fascia of the Leg (Fascia Cruris)
- Composed of anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.
- Thickens at the ankle region, forming the superior and inferior extensor retinacula.
Muscles of the Leg
Anterior Compartment
-
Tibialis Anterior:
- Origin: Lateral condyle and upper half of the lateral surface of the tibia, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone.
- Function: Extension and inversion of the foot.
-
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
- Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, upper 3/4 medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Dorsal aponeurosis of digits 2-5 (similar to the hand).
- Function: Extension of digits 2-5 and the foot.
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius:
- Origin: Lower 1/3 medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
- Function: Extension and eversion of the foot.
-
Extensor Hallucis Longus:
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of the medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe).
- Function: Extension of the hallux and foot, inversion of the foot.
Lateral Compartment
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus:
- Origin: Head and upper 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula, intermuscular septa.
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal bone.
- Function: Flexion and eversion of the foot.
- Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve.
-
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis:
- Origin: Lower 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
- Function: Flexion and eversion of the foot.
- Innervation: Superficial Peroneal Nerve.
Innervation of Anterior Compartment Muscles
- Deep Peroneal Nerve: (Branch of common peroneal nerve) innervates all muscles on the anterior aspect of the leg.
Arteries of the Leg
-
Anterior Tibial Artery:
- Muscular branches:
- Anterior recurrent tibial artery
- Posterior recurrent tibial artery
- Anterior lateral malleolar artery
- Anterior medial malleolar artery
- Continues as the Dorsalis Pedis Artery.
- Muscular branches:
Nerves of the Leg
-
Superficial Fibular (Peroneal Nerve):
- Muscular Branches: Innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg.
Cutaneous Nerves
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of leg originates from the common peroneal nerve.
- Superficial peroneal nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve.
- Saphenous nerve is a branch of the femoral nerve.
Superficial Veins
- Great saphenous vein courses anterior to the medial malleolus.
- Small saphenous vein courses posterior to the lateral malleolus.
Deep Fascia of Leg
- Fascia cruris (deep fascia of leg) has anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.
- The fascia cruris thickens at the ankle and forms the superior and inferior extensor retinacula.
Muscles
-
Anterior Compartment:
- Tibialis anterior muscle
- Extensor digitorum longus muscle
- Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle
- Extensor hallucis longus muscle
-
Lateral Compartment:
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle
- Fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle
Tibialis Anterior Muscle
- Origin: Lateral condyle and upper half of the lateral surface of the tibia, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone.
- Function: Extension and inversion of the foot.
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle
- Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, upper 3/4 of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Dorsal aponeurosis of 2nd–5th digits.
- Function: Extension of the 2nd–5th digits and foot.
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle
- Origin: Lower 1/3 of the medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
- Function: Extension and eversion of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of the medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane.
- Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe).
- Function: Extension of the hallux and foot, inversion of the foot.
Innervation of Anterior Leg Muscles
- All muscles on the anterior aspect of the leg are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve, which is a branch of the common peroneal nerve.
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle
- Origin: Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, intermuscular septa.
- Insertion: Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal bone.
- Function: Flexion and eversion of foot
- Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve.
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle
- Origin: Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.
- Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
- Function: Flexion and eversion of the foot
- Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve.
Anterior Tibial Artery
- Muscular branches
- Anterior recurrent tibial artery
- Posterior recurrent tibial artery
- Anterior lateral malleolar artery
- Anterior medial malleolar artery
- Continues as the dorsalis pedis artery
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the leg, focusing on the cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, deep fascia, and muscles of the leg compartments. Test your knowledge on the branches of the peroneal and femoral nerves as well as the major muscles involved in leg movement.
