Ch 8: The structural and functional unit of the kidney
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Questions and Answers

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

  • Renal corpuscle (correct)
  • Renal medulla
  • Renal vesicle
  • Renal cortex

    • Which arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus?

  • Tubular arteriole
  • Afferent arteriole (correct)
  • Efferent arteriole
  • Renal arteriole

    • What is the function of the efferent arteriole in the nephron?

  • Carries blood away from the glomerulus (correct)
  • Brings blood into the glomerulus
  • Forms the glomerular capillaries
  • Regulates tubular fluid flow

    • What is the role of autoregulation in kidney function?

    <p>Regulates glomerular filtration rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) regulate GFR in the nephron?

    <p>Via changes in tubular fluid flow and composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter is used to assess kidney function?

    <p>Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the unique arrangement of arterioles contribute to kidney function?

    <p>Regulates blood flow within the nephron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the afferent arteriole in response to increased sodium levels in the tubular fluid?

    <p>Constricts to reduce blood flow into the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure or decreased sodium levels?

    <p>Renin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Angiotensin II influence blood pressure?

    <p>Stimulates vasoconstriction of arterioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones promotes sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules?

    <p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to increased blood volume and pressure, which action does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) promote?

    <p>Dilating the afferent arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>Reabsorbing bicarbonate ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nephron is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and health?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys respond to decreased sodium levels in the tubular fluid?

    <p>Afferent arteriole dilates to increase blood flow into the glomerulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of specialized cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulating electrolyte balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the afferent arteriole respond to increased sodium levels in the tubular fluid?

    <p>It constricts, reducing GFR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to angiotensin II stimulation?

    <p>Aldosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During hormonal regulation involving the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), what is the effect of aldosterone?

    <p>Promotes sodium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) from cardiac atrial cells?

    <p>Increased blood volume and pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in the kidneys?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the kidneys help in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>By secreting bicarbonate ions in the urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of the efferent arteriole?

    <p>Maintains blood flow out of the glomerulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Angiotensin II on blood pressure?

    <p>Stimulates vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased sodium levels?

    <p>Dilates the afferent arteriole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the efferent arteriole in the kidney nephron?

    <p>Regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>By sensing changes in tubular fluid flow and composition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of autoregulation in the kidney's nephron?

    <p>To regulate renal blood flow based on blood pressure changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the unique arrangement of arterioles contribute to the regulation of kidney function?

    <p>By maintaining glomerular filtration pressure and blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus in the kidney?

    <p>Afferent arteriole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between renal blood supply and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidney?

    <p>Optimal renal blood flow is crucial for stable GFR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) regulated in the kidney nephron?

    <p>By adjusting factors like blood pressure and renal blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do intrinsic properties of the afferent and efferent arterioles play in kidney function?

    <p>Maintaining glomerular filtration pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the kidney, how do changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicate alterations in kidney function and overall health?

    <p>Changes in GFR reflect kidney function changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism ensures stable kidney function despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure?

    <p>Renal autoregulation process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in maintaining glomerular filtration pressure and regulating blood flow within the nephron?

    <p>Efferent artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism helps ensure stable kidney function despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure?

    <p>Autoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter is critical for assessing kidney function and is regulated by factors such as blood pressure and renal blood flow?

    <p>Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nephron exerts intrinsic properties to regulate renal blood flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>Afferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) maintained relatively constant despite changes in blood pressure?

    <p>By autoregulatory responses from arterioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus and significantly influences the filtration process in the kidney nephron?

    <p>Afferent arteriole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In renal autoregulation, which structure primarily mediates the adjustment of its diameter to regulate blood flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in response to increased blood volume and pressure?

    <p>Inhibiting sodium and water excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond when sodium levels are decreased?

    <p>By dilating the afferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the vasoconstriction of arterioles to increase blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensin II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aldosterone contribute to water retention and increased blood volume?

    <p>By promoting sodium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of increased sodium levels in the tubular fluid on the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Constriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) react to low blood pressure?

    <p>Stimulates aldosterone release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Hormonal Regulation section play in modulating renal function and electrolyte balance?

    <p>Crucial role in modulating renal function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) when stimulated by low sodium levels?

    <p>Initiates a cascade leading to increased sodium reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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