Anatomy of the Humerus and Shoulder Joint Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which bone is at risk of injury following fracture or dislocation in the upper limb?

  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Clavicle (correct)

    • Which nerve supplies the muscles of the upper limb and has its origin in the neck?

  • Ulnar nerve
  • Axillary nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve (correct)

    • Which artery supplies the upper limb and has pulses located at specific sites?

  • Ulnar artery
  • Radial artery
  • Brachial artery (correct)
  • Axillary artery

    • Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for the movements of the gleno-humeral joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion at the elbow joint?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Subscapularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament prevents superior displacement of the humeral head?

    <p>Coracoacromial ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

    <p>Teres Major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Pectoralis Major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for protraction of the scapula?

    <p>Pectoralis minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint articulates with the clavicle at the acromion process?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles are responsible for elevation of the scapula?

    <p>Trapezius (upper), levator scapulae, &amp; rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main attachment point of the pectoralis major muscle?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is NOT part of the wrist and hand?

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the brachial plexus?

    <p>Supply nerves to the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its origin in the neck?

    <p>Axillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for supination of the forearm?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament prevents inferior displacement of the humeral head?

    <p>Coracoacromial ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for retraction of the scapula?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for the movements of the wrist and hand?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its pulses located at the wrist?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint articulates with the scapula at the acromion process?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension of the arm at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

    <p>Teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is at risk of injury following fracture or dislocation in the upper limb?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has pulses located at specific sites?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion at the wrist joint?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for abduction of the fingers?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for opposition of the thumb?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for adduction of the fingers?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for supination of the forearm?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for opposition of the little finger?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is part of the wrist and hand?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion of the wrist and hand?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its origin in the neck?

    <p>Axillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension at the wrist and hand?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint articulates with the clavicle at the acromion process?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for retraction of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its pulses located at the wrist?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension of the arm at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for adduction of the fingers?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for opposition of the little finger?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is classified as a ball and socket joint?

    <p>Glenohumeral joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament prevents superior displacement of the humeral head?

    <p>Coracoacromial ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

    <p>Teres major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is at risk of injury following fracture or dislocation in the upper limb?

    <p>Clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its pulses located at the wrist?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion at the wrist joint?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for extension of the arm at the elbow joint?

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for opposition of the thumb?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for abduction of the fingers?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for retraction of the scapula?

    <p>Rhomboid nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Subscapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for lateral rotation of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for protraction of the scapula?

    <p>Pectoralis Minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint articulates with the clavicle at the acromion process?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the upper limb and has its pulses located at the wrist?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main attachment point of the pectoralis major muscle?

    <p>Intertubercular sulcus of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is at risk of injury following fracture or dislocation in the upper limb?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder joint?

    <p>Subscapularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is NOT part of the wrist and hand?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles of the upper limb and has its origin in the neck?

    <p>Brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subscapular nerve?

    <p>Adduction, medial rotation and extension of the GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thoracodorsal nerve?

    <p>Adduction, medial rotation and extension of the GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the triceps brachii (long head) muscle?

    <p>Forearm extension at the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser); Initiates GH abduction (first 15˚)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser); Lateral rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the teres minor muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser); Lateral rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser); Medial rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii (long head) muscle?

    <p>O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: olecranon process of the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?

    <p>O: supraspinous fossa of scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>O: infraspinous fossa of posterior scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

    <p>Adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

    <p>Thoracodorsal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii (long head) muscle?

    <p>O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, I: olecranon process of the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabilizer); Initiates GH abduction (first 15˚)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabilizer); Lateral rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the teres minor muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabilizer); Lateral rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the teres minor muscle?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

    <p>Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabilizer); Medial rotation of GH joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for protraction, depression, and medial rotation of the scapula?

    <p>Pectoralis Minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle keeps the scapula against the thoracic wall?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for elevation, lateral rotation, retraction, and depression of the scapula?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula elevation?

    <p>Levator scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula retraction and elevation?

    <p>Rhomboid minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula retraction and elevation?

    <p>Rhomboid major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the GH joint?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the GH joint?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the forearm and supination of the forearm?

    <p>Biceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion and adduction of the GH joint?

    <p>Coracobrachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

    <p>Scapula protraction, depression, and medial rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

    <p>Medial pectoral nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

    <p>Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5; Insertion: coracoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Serratus Anterior muscle?

    <p>Scapula protraction, lateral rotation, and keeping the scapula against the thoracic wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Serratus Anterior muscle?

    <p>Long thoracic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Serratus Anterior muscle?

    <p>Origin: lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8/9; Insertion: medial border of scapula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Trapezius muscle?

    <p>Scapula elevation, lateral rotation, retraction, and depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Trapezius muscle?

    <p>Accessory nerve (motor) and anterior rami of C3 and C4 (sensory).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Trapezius muscle?

    <p>Origin: nuchal line and external occipital protuberance of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes; Insertion: scapula spine, acromion, and lateral clavicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Levator Scapulae muscle?

    <p>Scapula elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Levator Scapulae muscle?

    <p>Dorsal scapular nerve and anterior rami from C3 and C4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Levator Scapulae muscle?

    <p>Origin: C1-4 transverse processes; Insertion: scapula superior angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?

    <p>Scapula retraction and elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?

    <p>Dorsal scapular nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?

    <p>Origin: C7-T1 spinous processes; Insertion: medial border of scapula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Rhomboid Major muscle?

    <p>Scapula retraction and elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Rhomboid Major muscle?

    <p>Dorsal scapular nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Rhomboid Major muscle?

    <p>Origin: T2-T5 spinous processes; Insertion: medial border of scapula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Deltoid muscle?

    <p>Abductor of GH joint, posterior fibers help GH extension, anterior fibers help GH flexion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Deltoid muscle?

    <p>Axillary nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Deltoid muscle?

    <p>Origin: scapular spine, acromion, and lateral clavicle; Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Pectoralis Major muscle?

    <p>Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of GH joint (Sternocostal head can assist in extension of GH jt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Pectoralis Major muscle?

    <p>Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the origins and insertions of the Pectoralis Major muscle?

    <p>Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages 1-7; Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the Biceps Brachii muscle?

    <p>Flexor of forearm (elbow), supinator of forearm, accessory flexor of GH joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Biceps Brachii muscle?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the placenta separates maternal and fetal blood?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chorionic villi in the placenta?

    <p>Transport nutrients from maternal circulation to fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the development of the placenta start?

    <p>Beginning of Week 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the placenta in maternal acceptance of the fetus?

    <p>Immunomodulatory role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum and suppresses the maternal immune system?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes the pelvic ligaments?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quietens the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases glucose and increases fatty acid metabolism in the mother and develops breasts?

    <p>hCS/hPL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about placentation?

    <p>The placenta is involved in the determination of sex and development of the reproductive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these describes the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal body systems?

    <p>Pregnancy and placental hormones impact the anatomy, metabolism, and physiology of major body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

    <p>Sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract is determined by the development of the reproductive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for forearm extension at the elbow?

    <p>Triceps brachii (long head)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is a rotator cuff muscle that initiates GH abduction (first 15˚)?

    <p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula protraction, depression, and medial rotation?

    <p>Pectoralis Minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula protraction, lateral rotation, and keeping the scapula against the thoracic wall?

    <p>Serratus Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula elevation, lateral rotation, retraction, and depression?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for scapula retraction and elevation?

    <p>Levator Scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the physiological changes during puberty in males and females?

    <p>The growth of testes and scrotum is one of the earliest changes in boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal age range for the initial changes of puberty in boys and girls?

    <p>Boys: 10 to 14 years, Girls: 8 to 14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the maturational changes during puberty take place and what other signaling molecules might be involved?

    <p>The maturational changes take place in the limbic system and involve the release of leptin, fatty acids, or glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on changes in feedback due to changes in follicle number, what would you predict to be the relative postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH compared to the time before menopause?

    <p>Increased FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the perimenopause, what happens to follicle recruitment, ovulation, hormones, and menses?

    <p>Gradual increase in FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of accelerated depletion of ovarian follicles during perimenopause?

    <p>Lower estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypothesis regarding age-related changes in the central nervous system during perimenopause?

    <p>Circadian oscillator change leads to decreased melatonin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the production of sperm cells?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Regulating hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the male accessory sex glands in reproductive process?

    <p>Mix genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the testis and epididymis located?

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of spermatozoa?

    <p>Compact and streamlined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oocytes in the reproductive process?

    <p>Facilitate embryo development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the testis?

    <p>4 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gametes in reproductive process?

    <p>Mix genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process involved in gametogenesis?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of semen in the reproductive process?

    <p>Facilitate embryo development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes a milky acidic fluid containing citrate, enzymes, and prostate specific antigen (activates sperm)?

    <p>Prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secrete a thick clear alkaline mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of semen stimulates contraction in the female reproductive tract, facilitating sperm uptake?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of semen in a single ejaculate?

    <p>2-5 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of semen in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Facilitates sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secretes fluid that activates sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory gland in the male reproductive system secretes a thick clear alkaline mucus?

    <p>Bulbourethral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Provide nutrients for sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of semen enhances sperm motility?

    <p>Relaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate concentration of sperm in semen?

    <p>15 - 150 x 106 sperm/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the testes produce androgens such as testosterone?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sperm undergo further maturation and acquire motility and fertilization ability?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature requirement for spermatogenesis?

    <p>4-6°C lower than body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus in the spermatic cord?

    <p>To cool incoming arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the epididymis is responsible for sperm storage for several months?

    <p>Cauda (tail)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy and DNA copy number of primary spermatocytes?

    <p>Diploid, 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when spermatids change from round to elongated cells with an acrosome and flagellum?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of testosterone?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands produce the bulk of the seminal plasma?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the seminal vesicle secrete during ejaculation?

    <p>Fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes &amp; prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Limb Anatomy and Function

    • The scaphoid bone is at risk of injury following a fracture or dislocation in the upper limb.
    • The brachial plexus provides nerve supply to the upper limb muscles, originating in the neck.
    • The subclavian artery supplies the upper limb, with pulses felt at specific sites including the wrist.
    • The axillary nerve innervates muscles responsible for movements of the glenohumeral joint.
    • The musculocutaneous nerve supplies muscles that enable flexion at the elbow joint.
    • The suprascapular nerve is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
    • The subscapularis muscle mediates medial rotation of the shoulder joint.
    • The glenohumeral ligament prevents superior displacement of the humeral head.
    • The pectoralis major is the primary muscle responsible for flexion of the shoulder joint.
    • The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for protraction of the scapula.

    Joint and Muscle Interactions

    • The acromioclavicular joint articulates with the clavicle at the acromion process.
    • Muscles responsible for elevation of the scapula include the trapezius andlevator scapulae.
    • The sternum is the main attachment point of the pectoralis major muscle.
    • The pisiform bone is not part of the wrist and hand.
    • The function of the brachial plexus is to provide sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb.
    • The radial nerve supplies muscles responsible for extension at the elbow joint.

    Nerve and Blood Supply

    • The brachial artery supplies the upper limb, originating in the neck with pulses detectable at specific sites.
    • The median nerve is responsible for pronation of the forearm.
    • The deltoid muscle mediates abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.
    • The ulnar nerve facilitates adduction of the fingers.
    • Muscles responsible for retraction of the scapula include the rhomboids.
    • The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle.

    Rotator Cuff and Movements

    • Muscles NOT part of the rotator cuff group include the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.
    • The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are both involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder joint.
    • The subscapular nerve supplies muscles responsible for medial rotation.

    General Functions

    • The triceps brachii (long head) allows for extension of the arm at the elbow joint.
    • The supraspinatus muscle plays a crucial role in initiating arm abduction.
    • The latissimus dorsi muscle is responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder.
    • The function of the subscapularis muscle includes medial rotation of the arm.

    Key Relationships

    • The elbow joint allows for flexion and extension, with associated muscles innervated by various nerves such as the median and radial nerves.
    • The wrist is supplied by arteries that also provide pulse locations at the wrist, specifically the radial and ulnar arteries.
    • The glenohumeral joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, allowing a wide range of movement.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the humerus bone and shoulder joint in this quiz. Identify anatomical landmarks such as the greater and lesser tubercles, surgical and anatomical necks, and more.

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