Anatomy of the Human Skeleton Quiz: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

19 Questions

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cranium as described in the text?

Form the framework of the face

What are the fibrous joints connecting the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in the cranium called?

Sutures

In which part of the skull are the middle and inner ear cavities located?

Temporal bone

What is the main function of the facial bones described in the text?

Form framework of the face

Which bone is responsible for holding the teeth in place as mentioned in the text?

Maxilla

Where do the orbits, which house the eyeballs, exist in the skull as per the text?

Sphenoid bone

Which part of the skull contains air-filled sinuses according to the text?

Maxilla

What is the main function of the vertebral column as described in the text?

Support weight and transmit it to pelvis and lower limbs

What is the approximate length of the vertebral column in adults according to the text?

72–75 cm long

What is the role of heterochromatin in transcription?

It remains more highly condensed and is not transcribed

What is the function of nucleosomes in DNA packing?

To produce the initial organization of free double-stranded DNA into chromatin

What is the significance of the 30-nm fiber in chromosome structure?

It represents a more compact form of DNA packing

What is the distinctive feature of telocentric chromosomes during anaphase?

Centromere at the ends

What is the primary association that forms the 11-nm filaments of nucleosomes?

DNA with histones

Which chromosome type has a more or less rounded part called a satellite at the end of the secondary constriction?

Straight or acrocentric chromosomes

What is the term used to describe the chromosomes that have the same length of DNA and code for the same proteins?

Homologous chromosomes

What is the specific feature of a chromosome that appears rather transparent and contains a small granule at the point of attachment of the 2 arms?

Primary constriction

In human cells, what is the diploid number of chromosomes, comprising 22 homologous pairs and 2 sex chromosomes?

Which type of cells contain the haploid number of chromosomes, i.e., one from each homologous pair?

Gametes (sex cells)

Study Notes

Prof. Hoda Abde-Aziz discusses the human skeleton, dividing it into the axial and appendicular skeleton.
The axial skeleton includes the skull and vertebral column, as well as the hyoid bone and thoracic cage.
The skull is made up of the cranium and facial bones. The cranium encloses the brain and forms the base of the skull. Facial bones form the framework of the face, house sense organs, provide openings for air and food, and anchor facial muscles.
Skull contains smaller cavities such as ear and nasal cavities, orbits for eyes, and sinuses.
The vertebral column extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx, protecting the spinal cord and transmitting weight to the pelvis and lower limbs. It is approximately 72-75 cm long in adults.
Chromosomes come in four types: telocentric, submetacentric, metacentric, and acrocentric. Their shape depends on the position of the centromere.
DNA packing forms chromosomes, with several orders of packing occurring from 2-nm DNA double helix to 30-nm fibers.
Nucleosome is a structure that initializes the organization of DNA into chromatin, made up of a core of histone proteins and DNA strands.
Karyotyping is used to study chromosomes by photographing and cutting them during metaphase, revealing their distinct shapes and structures.
Human cells contain 46 chromosomes (diploid number), including 22 homologous autosome pairs and 2 sex chromosomes (X and Y), determining gender in mammals.
Homologous chromosomes have the same length of DNA and code for the same proteins.
Gametes contain haploid number of chromosomes (23) and a random mix of chromosomes from each parent.
Chromosomes have a primary constriction (centromere) at the point of attachment of their arms, which appears rather transparent and may have a secondary constriction without a spherule.

Test your knowledge of the human skeleton with a focus on the axial and appendicular sections. This quiz covers bone descriptions, skull overview, and the geography of the skull, including the cranium and facial bones.

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