Questions and Answers
What part of the brain controls balance, posture, and coordination?
Brainstem
Which section of the brain is responsible for controlling conscious activities, memory, and intelligence?
Cerebrum
What is the outer layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum called?
Cerebral Cortex
Which part of the brain controls involuntary activities like breathing?
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Where is the cerebellum located in the brain?
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What brain section has countless folds and grooves in its structure?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary activities like heart rate and breathing?
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If an individual has difficulty with short-term memory consolidation, which part of the brain might be affected?
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Which brain structure acts as a connection between different parts of the brain and is likened to a reptilian brain?
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If someone has difficulty with reflexes related to sight and hearing, which part of the brain could be implicated?
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In the context of fear and emotional responses, which part of the brain plays a significant role?
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Which part of the brain is most likely involved in the coordination of voluntary movements and balance?
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What is the primary function of the Frontal Lobe?
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Which lobe is responsible for processing messages related to touch, taste, and temperature?
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What is the main function of the Cerebellum?
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What is the part of the brain that allows communication between the two hemispheres?
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Which part of the brain is made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain?
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What is the primary function of the Occipital Lobe?
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Study Notes
Brain Structure and Function
- The brain is divided into 4 lobes: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal
- Each lobe has distinct functions:
- Frontal Lobe: planning, complex thinking, reasoning, and imagining
- Parietal Lobe: processing touch, taste, temperature, and controlling muscle movements
- Occipital Lobe: processing sight and receiving input from the eyes
- Temporal Lobe: processing hearing, memory, and speech
Brain Hemispheres
- The Corpus Callosum connects the two hemispheres and enables communication between them
- Damage to the left brain can cause difficulties in:
- Understanding language
- Speaking and verbal output
- Sequencing
- Logic
- Control over the right side of the body
- Damage to the right brain can cause:
- Visual-spatial impairment
- Visual memory deficits
- Left neglect
- Decreased awareness of deficits
- Altered creativity and music perception
- Decreased control over the left side of the body
The Cerebellum
- Coordinates muscle movements and maintains posture and balance
- Develops muscle coordination and memory of physical skills
- Injury to the cerebellum can cause jerky movements
Brainstem
- Made up of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
- Controls involuntary activities:
- Breathing
- Heart rate
- Swallowing
- Reflexes to seeing and hearing
- Sweating
- Blood pressure
- Digestion
- Temperature
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers that send signals between neurons
- 3 types of neurons:
- Sensory neurons: transmit impulses from the body to the brain and spinal cord
- Interneurons: process impulses and pass them on to motor neurons
- Motor neurons: transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
The Central Nervous System
- Consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
- The cerebrum controls:
- Conscious activities
- Intelligence
- Memory
- Language
- Muscles
Limbic System
- Regulates:
- Temperature
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
- Thalamus: directs sensory information to the proper areas of the brain
- Hypothalamus: maintains a constant temperature and connects the endocrine system with the nervous system
- Amygdala: associated with fear and controlling reactions to stimuli
- Hippocampus: plays a role in consolidating short-term to long-term memory and spatial memory
