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Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the hip joint?
What type of joint is the hip joint?
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
What is the normal angle of finalisation between the neck and the shaft of the femur?
What is the normal angle of finalisation between the neck and the shaft of the femur?
What type of stabilizers are the ligaments and capsule of the hip joint?
What type of stabilizers are the ligaments and capsule of the hip joint?
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What is the function of the Ligamentum teres?
What is the function of the Ligamentum teres?
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What is the direction of movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum in an open kinetic chain?
What is the direction of movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum in an open kinetic chain?
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What is the shape of the acetabular labrum?
What is the shape of the acetabular labrum?
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What is the significance of the angle of finalisation between the neck and the shaft of the femur?
What is the significance of the angle of finalisation between the neck and the shaft of the femur?
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What is the type of movement that occurs in a closed kinetic chain?
What is the type of movement that occurs in a closed kinetic chain?
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What is the significance of the acetabulum?
What is the significance of the acetabulum?
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What type of movement occurs when the femur spins posterior with posterior pelvic tilt?
What type of movement occurs when the femur spins posterior with posterior pelvic tilt?
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Which muscle is involved in the kinetics of flexion?
Which muscle is involved in the kinetics of flexion?
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What limits the movement of flexion when the knee is in extension?
What limits the movement of flexion when the knee is in extension?
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What is the movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum in an open kinematic chain?
What is the movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum in an open kinematic chain?
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Which muscle is a primary motor muscle involved in hip abduction?
Which muscle is a primary motor muscle involved in hip abduction?
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What limits the movement of abduction?
What limits the movement of abduction?
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What is the movement of the femur in internal rotation?
What is the movement of the femur in internal rotation?
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Which muscle is a primary motor muscle involved in external rotation?
Which muscle is a primary motor muscle involved in external rotation?
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What limits the movement of external rotation?
What limits the movement of external rotation?
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What type of movement occurs when the femur spins anterior with anterior pelvic tilt?
What type of movement occurs when the femur spins anterior with anterior pelvic tilt?
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Study Notes
Hip Joint Structure
- The hip joint, also known as the femoroacetabular joint, is a synovial "ball and socket" joint with 3 degrees of freedom: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation.
Function of the Hip Joint
- The hip joint supports the load of the head, arms, and trunk.
- It transmits force and facilitates locomotion.
- It works in both non-weight bearing (NWB) during open kinematic chain movements and weight bearing during closed kinematic chain movements.
Acetabulum
- The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum, which is directed laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly.
- The acetabular labrum increases the congruence of the joint.
- The transverse acetabular ligament is also present.
Anatomical Variations
- The angle of inclination between the neck and shaft of the femur can vary between humans, with normal values ranging from 120-125°.
- Variations include coxa vara (105°) and coxa valga (140°).
- These variations can influence movement.
Hip Joint Stability
- Static stabilizers include the acetabular labrum, transverse acetabular ligament, strong capsule, and ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, and ligamentum teres).
- Dynamic stabilizers include muscles and myofascial tissue.
Acetabular Labrum
- The acetabular labrum is a wedge-shaped fibrocartilage that deepens the socket and increases the concavity of the acetabulum.
- The hip joint is more stable than the shoulder joint due to the depth of the acetabulum.
Ligamentum Teres
- The ligamentum teres directly connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum.
- It provides stability, proprioception, and coordination, and also supplies blood to the hip joint.
Osteokinematics of the Hip
- The hip joint moves in an open kinematic chain, with the femoral head moving on the acetabulum.
- The femur is convex, and roll and glide movements occur in opposite directions.
Flexion and Extension
- Flexion involves the femur spinning posteriorly with posterior pelvic tilt.
- Extension involves the femur spinning anteriorly with anterior pelvic tilt.
Kinetics of Flexion
- Anterior muscles involved in flexion include psoas/iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius, and TFL.
Kinetics of Extension
- Posterior muscles involved in extension include gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris.
Limits of Flexion and Extension
- Limits of flexion include posterior chain soft tissue tension and structural hit of the knee with the chest.
- Limits of extension include iliofemoral ligament tension and anterior chain soft tissue tension.
Abduction and Adduction
- Abduction involves the femur rolling superiorly and gliding inferiorly.
- Adduction involves the femur rolling inferiorly and gliding superiorly.
Limits of Abduction and Adduction
- Limits of abduction include soft tissue tension from adductor muscles, pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments, and articular limitation.
- Limits of adduction include iliofemoral ligament tension.
Kinetics of Hip Abduction
- Primary motor muscles involved in hip abduction include gluteus medius and TFL.
- Secondary motor muscles include gluteus minimus, piriformis, gluteus maximus, obturator externus, and gemellous superior and inferior.
Kinetics of Hip Adduction
- Primary motor muscles involved in hip adduction include adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis.
- Secondary motor muscles include quadratus femoris and obturator externus and internus.
Internal and External Rotation
- Internal rotation involves the femur rolling anteriorly and gliding posteriorly.
- External rotation involves the femur rolling posteriorly and gliding anteriorly.
Kinetics of External Rotation
- Primary motor muscles involved in external rotation include piriformis, obturator externus and internus, gemellous superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris.
- Secondary motor muscles include gluteus maximus and posterior fibers of gluteus medius.
Kinetics of Internal Rotation
- Primary motor muscles involved in internal rotation include adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis.
- Secondary motor muscles include TFL, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and pectineus.
Limits of External and Internal Rotation
- Limits of external rotation include iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligament tension.
- Limits of internal rotation include ischiofemoral ligament tension and tension of the external rotator muscles.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and structure of the hip joint, including the type of joint, the function of the acetabular labrum, and the movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum.
