Anatomy of the Heart and Cardiovascular System

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What separates the heart from other structures in the body?

Pericardium (correct)
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Epicardium

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the body?

Right ventricle
Right atrium (correct)
Left ventricle
Left atrium

What is the main function of the pulmonary circuit in the body?

Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart
Carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
Send blood with oxygen to the body
Let blood get oxygen (correct)

Where is the heart located in the body?

Between the lungs in the mediastinum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer surrounds the heart and is also the outermost layer of the heart?

Epicardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in relation to the heart?

Carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does S7 refer to when both S3 and S4 are heard?

The combination of two heart sounds indicating certain conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor impacts stroke volume greatly and influences end systolic volume?

Contractility of the heart muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for cardiac output (CO) mentioned in the text?

$CO = SV * HR$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing heart rate according to the text?

Hypoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is ejection fraction (EF) calculated based on the provided information?

$EF = SV / EDV$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the medulla oblongata in heart rate control according to the text?

Controls heart rate through the cardiac accelerator nerves and vagus nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase, which valves are closed?

Both atrioventricular and semilunar valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of papillary muscles in the heart?

Pull the chordae tendineae to prevent backflow (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac cycle, what occurs during diastole?

Atria refill with blood while relaxed (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which element is responsible for causing the action potential (electrical current) in the heart?

Sodium (Na) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?

Establish cardiac rhythm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the closing of semilunar valves and the atrioventricular valves still being closed?

Isovolumic ventricular relaxation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the 'Lub' sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation of the heart?

Closing of atrioventricular valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the repolarization of the ventricles?

'T wave' (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle cells?

To hold muscle cells together and aid electrical impulses to reach cell interiors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives blood continuously from the pulmonary circuit?

Left atrium (A) Signup and view all the answers