Anatomy of the Heart and Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What separates the heart from other structures in the body?

  • Pericardium (correct)
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Epicardium

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the body?

  • Right ventricle
  • Right atrium (correct)
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium

What is the main function of the pulmonary circuit in the body?

  • Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart
  • Carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
  • Send blood with oxygen to the body
  • Let blood get oxygen (correct)

Where is the heart located in the body?

<p>Between the lungs in the mediastinum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer surrounds the heart and is also the outermost layer of the heart?

<p>Epicardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in relation to the heart?

<p>Carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does S7 refer to when both S3 and S4 are heard?

<p>The combination of two heart sounds indicating certain conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor impacts stroke volume greatly and influences end systolic volume?

<p>Contractility of the heart muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for cardiac output (CO) mentioned in the text?

<p>$CO = SV * HR$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing heart rate according to the text?

<p>Hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ejection fraction (EF) calculated based on the provided information?

<p>$EF = SV / EDV$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the medulla oblongata in heart rate control according to the text?

<p>Controls heart rate through the cardiac accelerator nerves and vagus nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase, which valves are closed?

<p>Both atrioventricular and semilunar valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of papillary muscles in the heart?

<p>Pull the chordae tendineae to prevent backflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac cycle, what occurs during diastole?

<p>Atria refill with blood while relaxed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is responsible for causing the action potential (electrical current) in the heart?

<p>Sodium (Na) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?

<p>Establish cardiac rhythm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the closing of semilunar valves and the atrioventricular valves still being closed?

<p>Isovolumic ventricular relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the 'Lub' sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation of the heart?

<p>Closing of atrioventricular valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves the repolarization of the ventricles?

<p>'T wave' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle cells?

<p>To hold muscle cells together and aid electrical impulses to reach cell interiors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives blood continuously from the pulmonary circuit?

<p>Left atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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