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Questions and Answers
The bones have paired foramenae known as ______ foramen.
The bones have paired foramenae known as ______ foramen.
parital
The frontal bone forms a great portion of the roof of the ______.
The frontal bone forms a great portion of the roof of the ______.
orbit
The nasal bones articulate with the ______ bone superiorly.
The nasal bones articulate with the ______ bone superiorly.
frontal
The thickening of the frontal bone in the anterior region forms the ______ arches.
The thickening of the frontal bone in the anterior region forms the ______ arches.
The frontal bone contains the ______ air sinuses.
The frontal bone contains the ______ air sinuses.
The nasal septum is formed by the ______, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and septal cartilage.
The nasal septum is formed by the ______, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and septal cartilage.
The paranasal sinuses are ______ membrane lined air filled bone cavities.
The paranasal sinuses are ______ membrane lined air filled bone cavities.
The superior and middle conchae are shelves of bone that project into the nasal cavity from the ______ on each side.
The superior and middle conchae are shelves of bone that project into the nasal cavity from the ______ on each side.
The ethmoid bone constitutes part of the nasal ______, medial orbital walls and anterior cranial fossa.
The ethmoid bone constitutes part of the nasal ______, medial orbital walls and anterior cranial fossa.
The two maxillae form the upper ______ and part of the hard palate.
The two maxillae form the upper ______ and part of the hard palate.
The perpendicular plate of ethmoid descends downward in the midline of the nasal cavity to form the superior and anterior portions of the ______ septum.
The perpendicular plate of ethmoid descends downward in the midline of the nasal cavity to form the superior and anterior portions of the ______ septum.
Each hemimaxilla contains a large pyramid-shaped ______, the maxillary sinus.
Each hemimaxilla contains a large pyramid-shaped ______, the maxillary sinus.
The maxillary sinus opens superiorly and medially into the ______ cavity at the middle meatus.
The maxillary sinus opens superiorly and medially into the ______ cavity at the middle meatus.
The cribriform plate of ethmoid articulates anteriorly and laterally with the ______ bone and posteriorly with the sphenoid bone.
The cribriform plate of ethmoid articulates anteriorly and laterally with the ______ bone and posteriorly with the sphenoid bone.
The filaments of olfactory nerve pass through the ______ plate.
The filaments of olfactory nerve pass through the ______ plate.
The alveolar process projects downward and, together with the fellow of the opposite side, forms the ______ arch.
The alveolar process projects downward and, together with the fellow of the opposite side, forms the ______ arch.
The superior wall or roof of the sinus is the orbital ______.
The superior wall or roof of the sinus is the orbital ______.
The zygoma (zygomatic bone, ______ bone) is a paired bone that makes up the essence of the cheek prominence.
The zygoma (zygomatic bone, ______ bone) is a paired bone that makes up the essence of the cheek prominence.
The frontal process forms the lateral orbital wall and articulates with the ______ bone at the frontozygomatic suture.
The frontal process forms the lateral orbital wall and articulates with the ______ bone at the frontozygomatic suture.
The vomer is a plow-shaped bone that is located in the midline of the ______ fossa and forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum.
The vomer is a plow-shaped bone that is located in the midline of the ______ fossa and forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum.
The zygoma articulates with the ______ bone on the posterior aspect of the frontal process.
The zygoma articulates with the ______ bone on the posterior aspect of the frontal process.
The ______ muscle has an insertion on the inferior aspect of the zygoma.
The ______ muscle has an insertion on the inferior aspect of the zygoma.
The zygomatic bone has two foramina: the ______ foramen and the zygomaticotemporal foramen.
The zygomatic bone has two foramina: the ______ foramen and the zygomaticotemporal foramen.
The zygomatic bone forms the ______ and anterior projections to the midface.
The zygomatic bone forms the ______ and anterior projections to the midface.
The mandible is the largest and strongest facial ______; it is composed of the body and two rami.
The mandible is the largest and strongest facial ______; it is composed of the body and two rami.
The mental foramen is located on the external surface near the root apices of the first and second ______.
The mental foramen is located on the external surface near the root apices of the first and second ______.
The symphysis menti is a shallow ridge on the external midline surface of the body of the ______.
The symphysis menti is a shallow ridge on the external midline surface of the body of the ______.
The mental spines (genial tubercles) are on the midline medial surface of the body of the ______.
The mental spines (genial tubercles) are on the midline medial surface of the body of the ______.
The mylohyoid line is an oblique ridge that runs backward and laterally from the area of the mental spines to an area below and behind the third ______ tooth.
The mylohyoid line is an oblique ridge that runs backward and laterally from the area of the mental spines to an area below and behind the third ______ tooth.
The submandibular fossa lies below the posterior part of the ______ line.
The submandibular fossa lies below the posterior part of the ______ line.
The palatine bone articulates anteriorly with the ______ and with the palatine bone of the opposite side.
The palatine bone articulates anteriorly with the ______ and with the palatine bone of the opposite side.
The vertical plate of the palatine bone passes superiorly behind the ______ and articulates posteriorly with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
The vertical plate of the palatine bone passes superiorly behind the ______ and articulates posteriorly with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
The lingula is a projection in front of the ______ foramen for the attachment of the sphenomandibular ligament.
The lingula is a projection in front of the ______ foramen for the attachment of the sphenomandibular ligament.
The temporalis muscle attaches onto the anterior and medial aspects of the ______ process.
The temporalis muscle attaches onto the anterior and medial aspects of the ______ process.
The palatine bone has two foramenae; the greater and lesser ______, which lie in the posterior part of the palate.
The palatine bone has two foramenae; the greater and lesser ______, which lie in the posterior part of the palate.
The inferior nasal concha is a paired bone that forms the bony support of the inferior ______ bilaterally.
The inferior nasal concha is a paired bone that forms the bony support of the inferior ______ bilaterally.
Each lacrimal bone articulates anteriorly with the frontal process of the ______.
Each lacrimal bone articulates anteriorly with the frontal process of the ______.
The lacrimal groove is a groove for the ______ duct, situated in the anterior part of the lateral surface of the lacrimal bone.
The lacrimal groove is a groove for the ______ duct, situated in the anterior part of the lateral surface of the lacrimal bone.
The lacrimal groove fuses anteriorly with the posterior border of the frontal process of the ______ to form the fossa that houses the lacrimal sac.
The lacrimal groove fuses anteriorly with the posterior border of the frontal process of the ______ to form the fossa that houses the lacrimal sac.
The lacrimal bone is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the ______.
The lacrimal bone is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the ______.
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Study Notes
Frontal Bone
- Located in the base of the skull, anterior cranial fossa, and articulates with the ethmoid bone posteriorly and the sphenoid bone wings
- Forms a great portion of the roof of the orbit
- Thickening of the frontal bone in the anterior region forms the superciliary arches (supraorbital ridges)
- Supraorbital notch or foramen transmits the frontal vessels and nerves (supraorbital and supra-trochlear nerves)
- Contains the frontal air sinuses (paranasal sinus), two hollow spaces lined with mucous membrane, located above the orbital margins
Ethmoid Bone
- A single bone located in the mid-area of the anterior cranial fossa
- Constitutes part of the nasal structure, medial orbital walls, and anterior cranial fossa
- Crista galli (bony projection) gives attachment to Falx cerebri (meningeal layer of dura mater)
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid descends downward in the midline of the nasal cavity to form the superior and anterior portions of the nasal septum
- Articulates with the vomer and septal cartilage to form the nasal septum
- Cribriform plate (perforated bony plate) articulates with the frontal bone and posteriorly with the sphenoid bone, and transmits the filaments of the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I)
Nasal Bones
- Rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose
- Articulate with the frontal bone superiorly and with each other at the midline
- Thicker at the superior articulation, but thinner inferiorly
- Most fractures occur at the inferior articulation
- Articulate posteriorly with the frontal process of the maxilla
Facial Bones
Maxillary Bones
- Form the upper jaw, anterior part of the hard palate, part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities, and part of the floors of the orbital cavities
- Meet in the midline at the intermaxillary suture and form the lower margin of the nasal aperture
- Infraorbital foramen perforates the maxilla below the orbit
- Alveolar process projects downward and forms the alveolar arch, which carries the upper teeth
- Contain a large pyramid-shaped body, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore), and four prominent processes—the frontal, alveolar, zygomatic, and palatine processes
- Body of the maxilla is hollow and contains the maxillary sinus (pyramid-shaped)
Zygoma
- Paired bone that forms the essence of the cheek prominence
- Thick, strong, diamond-shaped bone that forms the lateral and anterior projections to the midface
- Composed of four processes: frontal, temporal, maxillary, and medial
- Frontal process forms the lateral orbital wall and articulates with the frontal bone at the frontozygomatic suture
- Temporal process forms the zygomatic arch and articulates with the temporal bone
- Maxillary process articulates with the maxilla to form the infraorbital rim and part of the floor of the orbit
- Medial process joins the maxilla on the lateral wall, producing the zygomatic eminence
- Articulates with the sphenoid bone on the posterior aspect of the frontal process
Vomer
- Plow-shaped bone that forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum
- Articulates with the palatine, maxillary, and ethmoid bones
Palatine Bones
- Irregularly shaped paired bones, composed of a major horizontal portion and vertical perpendicular plates
- Horizontal plate articulates anteriorly with the maxilla and with the palatine bone of the opposite side in the midline to form the posterior aspect of the hard palate
- Vertical plate passes superiorly behind the maxilla and articulates posteriorly with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
- Vertical plate terminates in a small contribution to the orbital floor at the posteromedial aspect
Inferior Nasal Concha
- Paired bone that forms the bony support of the inferior turbinate bilaterally
- Obstructs the inferior meatus and the nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal Bones
- Paired bone situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit
- Articulates anteriorly with the frontal process of the maxilla, posteriorly with the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid, superiorly with the frontal bone, and inferiorly with the orbital plate of the maxilla
- Lacrimal groove is a groove for the nasolacrimal duct, situated in the anterior part of the lateral surface of the lacrimal bone
Mandible
- Largest and strongest facial bone, composed of the body and two rami, with their junction at the angle
- Body is U-shaped, has mental foramen which transmits the mental nerve (terminal branch of inferior alveolar nerve) and vessels
- Symphysis menti is a shallow ridge on the external midline surface of the body of the mandible, indicating the line of fusion of the two halves of the mandible during development
- Mental spines (genial tubercles) are on the midline medial surface of the body of the mandible, giving origin to the genioglossus muscles above and the geniohyoid muscles below
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