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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of muscles in the lateral compartment of the foot?
What is the primary function of muscles in the lateral compartment of the foot?
Which long bone in the body is mentioned as the most frequently fractured in the text?
Which long bone in the body is mentioned as the most frequently fractured in the text?
What is the function of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
What is the function of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which artery becomes the femoral artery after passing the inguinal ligament?
Which artery becomes the femoral artery after passing the inguinal ligament?
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What is the function of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
What is the function of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
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Which artery branches into medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries?
Which artery branches into medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries?
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Which region is anatomically considered part of the trunk but functionally part of the lower extremity?
Which region is anatomically considered part of the trunk but functionally part of the lower extremity?
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What forms the base of the femoral triangle?
What forms the base of the femoral triangle?
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Which nerve enters the thigh from the abdomen by passing under the inguinal ligament?
Which nerve enters the thigh from the abdomen by passing under the inguinal ligament?
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Which region is posterior to the knee joint and diamond-shaped?
Which region is posterior to the knee joint and diamond-shaped?
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Where do most nerves, vessels, and flexor tendons pass through in the lower limb?
Where do most nerves, vessels, and flexor tendons pass through in the lower limb?
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What defines the lower limit of the buttocks in the gluteal region?
What defines the lower limit of the buttocks in the gluteal region?
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What is the primary function of the lateral compartment muscles in the leg?
What is the primary function of the lateral compartment muscles in the leg?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
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How are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg organized?
How are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg organized?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
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What is the primary action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
What is the primary action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
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How does the orientation of the great toe differ from that of the thumb?
How does the orientation of the great toe differ from that of the thumb?
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Study Notes
Lateral Compartment Muscles
- The lateral compartment muscles perform eversion and inversion and are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
- The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles, divided into superficial and deep layers, separated by a band of fascia.
- These muscles act as plantar-flexors and invert the foot, and are innervated by the tibial nerve.
The Foot
- The foot is the region of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint, subdivided into the ankle, metatarsus, and digits.
- It has a superior surface (dorsum of foot) and an inferior surface (sole).
- The foot provides a stable platform for upright stance and levers the body forward during walking.
Muscles
- Muscles in the lateral compartment evert the foot.
- Muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg dorsiflex the ankle, extend the toes, and invert the foot.
- Muscles in the posterior compartment plantarflex the ankle, flex the toes, and invert the foot.
Arteries
- The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery, which branches into deep femoral, medial, and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
- The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery, which branches into genicular, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries.
Arteries (continued)
- The lateral and medial superior genicular arteries, as well as the medial genicular artery, supply the knee joint.
- The femoral triangle is a pyramid-shaped depression formed by muscles in the proximal regions of the thigh and the inguinal ligament.
Areas of Transition
- The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped region posterior to the knee joint, formed by muscles of the thigh and leg.
- Major vessels and nerves pass between the thigh and leg through the popliteal fossa.
- The tarsal tunnel is a series of canals on the posteromedial side of the ankle, formed by adjacent bones and a flexor retinaculum.
Regions of the Lower Limb
- The gluteal region is posterolateral, between the iliac crest and the gluteal fold, and is anatomically part of the trunk but functionally part of the lower extremity.
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Description
Learn about the structures and contents of the femoral triangle, a pyramid-shaped depression in the thigh, and the popliteal fossa, a diamond-shaped region behind the knee joint.
