Anatomy of the Femoral Region Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the name change that occurs to the femoral artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus?

Femoral vein

Profunda femoris artery

Iliac artery

Popliteal artery (correct)

From which spinal nerve roots does the femoral nerve originate?

L2-L5

L2-L4 (correct)

L1-L3

L3-L5

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliacus (correct)

Adductors of the thigh

Biceps femoris and semitendinosus

Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius

What is the profunda femoris artery primarily associated with?

It branches from the femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What defines a dermatome?

An area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site for atherosclerotic lesions in the vascular system?

Popliteal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?

Psoas major Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the iliacus muscle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical significance of the femoral triangle?

It houses major vessels and nerves of the lower limb. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins is located superficial to the fascia lata?

Great saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fascia lata in the lower limb?

Supports and contains muscles of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which two compartment types are primarily innervated by the femoral nerve?

Anterior and medial compartments Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical landmark is formed by the inguinal ligament?

Femoral triangle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nodes are located deep in the inguinal region?

Deep inguinal nodes Signup and view all the answers

What complications can arise from treatment of varicose veins?

Thrombosis or deep vein obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tensor fascia latae?

Stabilize the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the pes anserinus?

Adductor magnus Signup and view all the answers

The adductor magnus has which of the following parts?

Hamstring part Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary artery supplying blood to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roots contributes to the knee extension reflex?

L3,4 Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found within the femoral sheath?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the great saphenous vein?

Drain superficial structures of the leg Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip abduction?

Gluteus medius Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flexors and Adductors of the Hip

The presentation focuses on the flexors and adductors of the hip, specifically the iliopsoas muscle and the medial compartment muscles.
Key Learning Outcomes include: identifying fascia, discussing muscles and innervation of thigh compartments, describing saphenous veins, explaining varicose vein development, interpreting radiological imaging of thigh bones and vessels, and describing the femoral triangle and its contents. Demonstrating clinical landmarks of the thigh's anterior, medial, and posterior aspects is also part of the learning goals.

Hip Movement

Diagrams show abduction of the femur on a fixed pelvis, and abduction of the pelvis on a fixed femur.
Key muscles involved in abduction are gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
Adduction and extension/flexion movements are also depicted.

Iliopsoas Muscle

Iliopsoas is the primary hip flexor.
Psoas major and iliacus are its components.
Psoas major arises from T12-L5 and iliacus arises from the iliac fossa.
The iliopsoas shares a common tendon inserting at the lesser trochanter.

Femoral Triangle

It's a key anatomical landmark within the thigh.
Boundaries include the inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus muscle.
The floor of the triangle includes the iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus.
The roof is fascia lata.
The femoral triangle is an access point to arterial and venous systems.

Femoral Sheath

The extension of transversalis fascia into the femoral region is called the femoral sheath.
It contains the femoral vein, and a component, the fossa ovalis.
The femoral nerve is not contained within the femoral sheath.

Femoral Artery

The femoral artery travels down the subsartorial canal.
Nerves and veins accompany it.
Its name changes to the popliteal artery beyond the adductor hiatus.
The profunda femoris artery branches off the femoral artery.

Frequent Sites of Atherosclerosis

A frequent site of atherosclerotic lesions is the adductor hiatus.

L2-L4 Spinal Nerves

The L2-L4 spinal nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus, a crucial structure for supplying the lower limbs.

Femoral Nerve

Origin: lumbar plexus (L2-L4).
Motor functions include innervation of the quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliacus muscles.
Sensory functions include anterior thigh cutaneous sensation via the saphenous nerve.

### Obturator Nerve

- Origin: L2-L4 spinal nerves.
- Innervates adductor muscles (brevis, longus, and magnus) and gracilis.
- Supplies sensory input to the medial thigh region.

Cutaneous Innervation

The cutaneous innervation of the thigh derives from both lumbar and sacral plexus nerves.
Specific nerves supply specific areas of the leg; anterior, lateral, medial and posterior aspects of the leg.

Dermatomes

Dermatomes are cutaneous areas supplied by specific spinal nerves.
Sensory nerves originate from a single spinal nerve root.
Patterns show distribution of sensory input related to spinal nerve levels along the limbs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and clinical significance of the femoral region, including the femoral artery, nerve innervations, and associated muscles. This quiz covers key concepts like dermatomes, vascular system complications, and the structure of the femoral triangle. Perfect for anatomy students and healthcare professionals!