26 Questions
Match the thoracic bones with their descriptions:
Sternum = Dagger-shaped bone with the point downward Xiphoid process = Strong piece of cartilage at the tip of sternum Ribs = 12 pairs attached to vertebrae in the back and either to sternum or each other in front Skull = Protects the brain and gives the head its shape
Match the jaw bones with their descriptions:
Upper jaw (maxilla) = Forms the upper part of the jaw and contains the upper teeth Lower jaw (mandible) = Forms the lower part of the jawbone and holds the lower teeth Facial bones = Join with bones of the cranium to form eye and nose cavities Pelvic bone = Part of the hip bone and supports the body's weight when sitting
Match the foot bones with their descriptions:
Metatarsals = Bones of the foot that connect toes to ankles Tarsals = Ankle bones and part of the foot arch Phalanges = Bones of the toes Fibula = Bone on the little toe side of the foot
Match the nervous system components with their descriptions:
Brain = Organ that controls body functions and processes information Spinal cord = Nerve bundle that runs down the back and transmits signals between brain and body Nerves = Transmit signals between brain, spinal cord, and other parts of body Cranium = Plate-like bones fused together to form a rigid case for the brain
Match the following muscle types with their characteristics:
Voluntary muscles = Consciously controlled by the person Involuntary muscles = Contract and relax rhythmically without conscious effort Diaphragm muscle = Has characteristics of both voluntary and involuntary muscles Heart muscle = A good example of an involuntary muscle
Match the following organs with their protective structures:
Brain = Protected by the skull Heart and lungs = Protected by the ribs Spinal cord = Protected by the vertebrae Diaphragm muscle = Used in breathing
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Skeleton = Supporting structure that gives the body its shape Joints = Formed where two or more bones come together Bones = Serve as rigid levers for tendons and muscles Immovable joints = Allow no movement, as in the bones of the adult skull
Match the following body movements with their causes:
Body movement = Caused by several muscles working in combination Nerves in muscles = Carry impulses to and from the brain Contractions and relaxations = Some muscles contract while others relax Rate of breathing = Can be changed at will for short periods of time
Match the following descriptions with their examples:
Heart muscle = Example of an involuntary muscle Skeleton muscles = Voluntarily controlled to move the skeleton Diaphragm muscle = Has characteristics of both voluntary and involuntary muscles Immobilized joints = Allow no movement, like in adult skull bones
Match the following systems with their functions:
Regulating system of heart = Controls heart rhythm involuntarily Respiratory system = Involves diaphragm muscle for breathing Musculoskeletal system = Supports body structure and allows movement Nervous system = Carries impulses to and from the brain for muscle control
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their descriptions:
Airway = Passage for air from nose/mouth to lungs Lungs = Made up of air sacs and capillaries for gas exchange Diaphragm = Smooth, flat muscle used in breathing Alveoli = Air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Match the following terms related to breathing with their definitions:
Bronchiole = Air tubes leading to the alveoli Pharynx = Top of the throat/back of the mouth Larynx = Contains vocal chords and protected by epiglottis Diaphragm = Muscle separating chest from abdominal cavity
Match the following gases with their percentages in inhaled and exhaled air:
Oxygen = ~21% inhaled, ~16% exhaled Carbon Dioxide = ~<1% inhaled, ~>4% exhaled Nitrogen = ~78% inhaled, ~79% exhaled Argon = ~0.93% inhaled, ~0.93% exhaled
Match the following respiratory system components with their functions:
Respiratory Centre in the Brain = Controls breathing Epiglottis = Protects airway during swallowing Capillaries surrounding air sacs = Facilitates gas exchange with blood Respiratory System = Causes air to be drawn in and out of lungs
Match the following terms with their correct description:
Gas Exchange = Process where blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide Respiratory Control = Function controlled by respiratory centre in the brain Variety of Air Tubes = Includes bronchioles leading to alveoli Blood Pressure Regulation = Body's response to continued blood loss
Match the following components of breathing with their locations within the body:
Throat/Back of Mouth = Pharynx location Near Base of Neck = Location of Diaphragm Below the Lungs = Position of Bronchioles Surrounded by Capillaries = Lungs' air sacs location
Match the following parts of the eye with their functions:
Eyelid = Provides a protective covering for the eye Iris = Controls the size of the pupil Pupil = Lets light into the eye Conjunctiva = Covers the front of the eye and inner eyelids
Match the following eye components with their descriptions:
Cornea = Transparent front of the eyeball that allows light to enter the eye Aqueous humour = Watery fluid filling the space between the cornea and the iris Lens = Changes shape to focus light rays upon the retina Muscles = Used to control eye movement
Match the following terms related to vision with their functions:
Optic nerve = Transmits nerve impulses to the brain for visual interpretation Retina = Changes light images into nerve impulses Vitreous humour = Clear, jelly-like fluid filling the cavity behind the lens Iris = Coloured set of muscles which control the size of the pupil
Match the following systems with their functions:
Digestive system = Converts food and drink into nutrients for cells Urinary system = Collects and disposes of solid and fluid waste Hollow organs = Carry digestive and urinary materials Solid organs = Tissue masses with a rich blood supply
Match the following statements about organ injuries with their consequences:
Injury to hollow organs = May allow contents to spill out into abdominal or pelvic cavities, causing infection Injury to solid organs = Can result in severe internal bleeding Injury to cornea = May affect light entering the eye Injury to retina = May affect visual interpretation by the brain
Match the following fluids in the eye with their locations:
Aqueous humour = Fills the space between cornea and iris Vitreous humour = Fills the cavity behind the lens Tears = Protective fluid secreted by tear glands Mucus = Protective fluid covering conjunctiva
Match the following medical terms with their definitions:
Traction = Gently but firmly pulling below a fracture to bring the limb into alignment Transient ischemic attack (TIA) = Temporary signs and symptoms of a stroke due to a lack of sufficient oxygen to the brain Trauma = Any physical or psychological injury Triage = A system of placing priorities for first aid and/or transportation for multiple casualties
Match the following anatomy terms with their descriptions:
U Ulna = Bone in the lower arm; on the little finger side Urethra = A tube which carries urine from the bladder to the outside Uterus = The muscular sac which holds, protects a fetus V Vein = A blood vessel; carries blood to the heart
Match the following cardiovascular terms with their functions:
V Ventricles = The muscular lower chambers of the heart which pump blood into the arteries Ventricular fibrillation = A quivering action of the heart muscles so that little blood is pumped Vital signs = The four signs that show the basic condition of the casualty: level of consciousness; breathing; pulse; skin condition and temperature Ventilation = Supplying air to the lungs
Match the following blood-related terms with their functions:
White blood cells = Blood cells which are involved in immunity and control of microbes X Xiphoid process = The cartilage tip at the lower end of the breastbone Vein = A blood vessel; carries blood to the heart Ventricles = The muscular lower chambers of the heart which pump blood into the arteries
Study Notes
Muscles and Movement
- Body movement is caused by multiple muscles working together, with some contracting and others relaxing
- Nerves in muscles carry impulses to and from the brain
- Muscles are classified as voluntary or involuntary, with voluntary muscles being consciously controlled and involuntary muscles contracting and relaxing rhythmically without conscious effort
Voluntary Muscles
- Muscles that move the skeleton are voluntary
- Voluntary muscles can be contracted or relaxed at will
Involuntary Muscles
- The heart is an example of an involuntary muscle with its own regulating system
- The diaphragm has characteristics of both voluntary and involuntary muscles
Skeleton
- The skeleton forms the supporting structure of the body and gives it its shape
- The skeleton protects many organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and spinal cord
- Joints are formed where two or more bones come together, allowing for movement
- Immobile joints allow no movement, such as the bones of the adult skull
Thorax
- The thorax protects the organs in the chest, mainly the heart and lungs
- The thorax is made up of 12 pairs of ribs attached to the vertebrae in the back and either to the sternum or to each other in the front
- The lowest ribs are called "floating ribs" and attach only to the vertebrae
- Injuries to the bones of the thorax can be life-threatening
Skull
- The skull gives the head its shape and protects the brain
- The skull is made up of plate-like bones that fuse together during childhood to form a rigid case for the brain
- Facial bones join with the bones of the cranium to form the eye and nose cavities
- Injuries to the skull can also injure the brain
Main Bones of the Skeleton
- Clavicle (collarbone)
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Pelvic bone
- Carpals (bones in the palm)
- Metacarpals (bones of the hand)
- Phalanges (bones of the fingers)
- Tibia (shin bone)
- Fibula (outer lower leg bone)
- Tarsals (ankle bones)
- Metatarsals (bones of the foot)
- Phalanges (bones of the toes)
Nervous System
- The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- The nervous system carries impulses to and from the brain
Eye
- The eye has several layers, including the eyelid, iris, pupil, conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humour, lens, retina, and optic nerve
- The iris is a coloured set of muscles that control the size of the pupil, which in turn controls the amount of light entering the eye
- The retina is a light-sensitive layer that changes light images into nerve impulses
Digestive and Urinary Systems
- The digestive and urinary systems convert food and drink into nutrients for the cells and collect and dispose of solid and fluid waste
- The organs of these systems are classified as hollow or solid
- Injury to hollow organs can cause infection, while injury to solid organs can result in severe internal bleeding
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system causes air to be drawn in and out of the lungs
- The respiratory system has three main parts: the airway, lungs, and diaphragm
- The airway is the passage through which air follows to get from the nose and mouth to the lungs
- The lungs are made up of thousands of air sacs surrounded by a network of capillaries
- The diaphragm is a smooth, flat muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity and is used in breathing
Test your knowledge about the different structures of the eye such as eyelid, iris, pupil, conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humour, and lens. Learn about their functions and importance in the visual system.
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