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Questions and Answers
Match the following eye structures with their functions:
Cornea = Regulates pupil size Lens = Refracts light, allowing it to enter the eye Iris = Changes shape to focus light on the retina Retina = Contains specialized light-sensitive cells
Match the following eye structures with their composition:
Cornea = Crystalline proteins Lens = Five layers: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium Iris = Smooth muscle and connective tissue Retina = Specialized light-sensitive cells
Match the following eye structures with their layers:
Cornea = Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer Retina = Epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium Lens = None Iris = None
Match the following eye structures with their regeneration properties:
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Match the following eye structures with their types of vision:
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Match the following eye structures with their parts:
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Match the following eye structures with their attachment sites:
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Match the following eye structures with their roles in light transmission:
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Study Notes
Cornea
- Transparent, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye
- Refracts light, allowing it to enter the eye
- Composed of five layers: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium
- Regenerates quickly, with the entire epithelium replaced every 7-10 days
Retina
- Innermost layer of the eye, lining the back of the eye
- Contains specialized light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors: rods and cones) that convert light into electrical signals
- Divided into two parts: outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer
- Rods responsible for peripheral and night vision, cones responsible for color vision and high-acuity central vision
Lens
- Transparent, flexible structure behind the iris
- Changes shape to focus light on the retina (accommodation)
- Composed of crystalline proteins (crystallins) that provide refractive power
- Suspended by zonular fibers, which attach to the ciliary body
Iris
- Colored part of the eye, controlling the amount of light entering the eye
- Composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue
- Regulates pupil size through contraction and relaxation of the iris muscles (dilator and sphincter pupillae)
Optic Nerve
- Cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain
- Composed of axons from the ganglion cell layer of the retina
- Divided into four parts: intraocular, intraorbital, intracanicular, and intracranial
Blood Supply
- Ophthalmic artery: main artery supplying the eye
- Central retinal artery: branches from the ophthalmic artery, supplying the retina
- Choroidal circulation: supplies the choroid, a layer of blood vessels between the sclera and retina
Innervation
- Oculomotor nerve (CN III): controls extraocular muscles, eyelid movement, and pupil constriction
- Trochlear nerve (CN IV): controls superior oblique muscle
- Abducens nerve (CN VI): controls lateral rectus muscle
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V): provides sensory innervation to the eye and surrounding areas
Ciliary Body
- Ring-shaped structure behind the iris, responsible for producing aqueous humor
- Composed of ciliary muscles, ciliary epithelium, and zonular fibers
- Aqueous humor production and drainage regulate intraocular pressure
Cornea
- The transparent, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye that refracts light allowing it to enter the eye
- Composed of five layers: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium
- Has a rapid regeneration process, replacing the entire epithelium every 7-10 days
Retina
- The innermost layer of the eye, lining the back of the eye, containing specialized light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors: rods and cones)
- Photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals, with rods responsible for peripheral and night vision, and cones responsible for color vision and high-acuity central vision
- Divided into two parts: outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer
Lens
- A transparent, flexible structure behind the iris that changes shape to focus light on the retina (accommodation)
- Composed of crystalline proteins (crystallins) providing refractive power
- Suspended by zonular fibers, which attach to the ciliary body
Iris
- The colored part of the eye, controlling the amount of light entering the eye through contraction and relaxation of the iris muscles (dilator and sphincter pupillae)
- Composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue
Optic Nerve
- The cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain
- Composed of axons from the ganglion cell layer of the retina
- Divided into four parts: intraocular, intraorbital, intracanicular, and intracranial
Blood Supply
- The ophthalmic artery is the main artery supplying the eye
- The central retinal artery branches from the ophthalmic artery, supplying the retina
- The choroidal circulation supplies the choroid, a layer of blood vessels between the sclera and retina
Innervation
- The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls extraocular muscles, eyelid movement, and pupil constriction
- The trochlear nerve (CN IV) controls the superior oblique muscle
- The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle
- The trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensory innervation to the eye and surrounding areas
Ciliary Body
- A ring-shaped structure behind the iris, responsible for producing aqueous humor
- Composed of ciliary muscles, ciliary epithelium, and zonular fibers
- Aqueous humor production and drainage regulate intraocular pressure
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Description
Learn about the cornea and retina, including their structure, function, and importance in the human eye.
