12 Questions
What is the function of the zonular fibres in the eyeball?
To attach to the lens and alter its shape for near or far vision
Which structure in the eyeball contains circular and radial smooth muscle fibers?
Iris
What gives color to the iris of the eye?
Presence of melanocytes
What is the role of autonomic reflexes in regulating the size of the pupil?
Parasympathetic nerves contract the radial muscles to decrease pupil size in dim light
What type of epithelium makes up the conjunctiva?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the function of the lacrimal fluid produced by the lacrimal glands?
Dilute and wash away irritating substances
Which nerve supplies the lacrimal gland with parasympathetic fibers?
Facial (VII) nerve
Which muscles attach the eyeball to the wall of the bony orbits and are surrounded by periorbital fat?
Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus
Which nerve supplies the skeletal muscle responsible for limiting movement and increasing tension on the eardrum to prevent damage from loud noises?
Trigeminal (V) nerve
What type of tissue is found between the epithelial layers in the middle ear?
Collagen, elastic fibers, and fibroblasts
What fluid is chemically similar to cerebrospinal fluid and surrounds the membranous labyrinth in the internal ear?
Perilymph
What separates the middle ear from the external ear and contains two small openings (oval window and round window)?
Thin bony partition
Study Notes
Eyeball Structure and Function
- Zonular fibers hold the lens in place and adjust its shape for focusing.
- The iris contains circular and radial smooth muscle fibers.
- The iris gets its color from pigmented cells called melanocytes.
Pupil Regulation
- Autonomic reflexes regulate the size of the pupil, constricting in bright light and dilating in low light.
Conjunctiva and Lacrimal Glands
- The conjunctiva is made up of stratified columnar epithelium.
- Lacrimal fluid, produced by the lacrimal glands, lubricates and protects the eye.
Lacrimal Gland Innervation
- The lacrimal gland receives parasympathetic fibers from the VII (facial) nerve.
Extraocular Muscles
- The extraocular muscles (rectus, obliques, and levator palpebrae) attach the eyeball to the wall of the bony orbits and are surrounded by periorbital fat.
Middle Ear and Eardrum
- The tensor tympani muscle, supplied by the V (trigeminal) nerve, limits movement and increases tension on the eardrum to prevent damage from loud noises.
Middle Ear Structure
- Loose connective tissue is found between the epithelial layers in the middle ear.
Internal Ear
- The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by a fluid chemically similar to cerebrospinal fluid.
- The tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear and contains two small openings (oval window and round window).
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the eye, including the structure of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal apparatus. Identify the different components and their functions.
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