Anatomy of the Eye Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which bone is NOT part of the bony orbit?

  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic
  • Mandible (correct)
  • Frontal

    • What role do the lacrimal glands play in eye health?

  • Regulate the intraocular pressure
  • Produce tears to maintain corneal moisture (correct)
  • Facilitate the movement of ocular muscles
  • Protect the eye from infections

    • Which of the following structures is part of the conjunctiva?

  • Palpebral portion (correct)
  • Retina
  • Eyelid
  • Lacrimal sac

    • How do the extraocular muscles generate eye movement?

    <p>By alternating contractions of antagonist muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the aqueous humor located in the eye?

    <p>In front of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component contributes to the cushioning of the eyeball in the orbital cavity?

    <p>Orbital fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an accurate description of the vitreous humor?

    <p>It provides structural support to the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one procedural consideration for ophthalmology surgery?

    <p>Ensuring proper eye medication instillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure of the eye is considered the most important in the refractive apparatus?

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of positioning is commonly recommended for patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>Supine position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dilating drops used in ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>To dilate pupils for intraocular surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase is constant description and reinforcement particularly important for ophthalmic patients?

    <p>Pre-operative and pre-induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is NOT typically used in ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>Suture scissors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of counts for ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>Initial Count → Closing Count → Final Count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about the perioperative nurse's role is correct?

    <p>They must ensure the safety strap is applied before the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of patients who undergo ophthalmology procedures?

    <p>They range from premature infants to elderly patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these instruments is specifically designed for intraocular surgery?

    <p>Vannas lens scissors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for securing a patient's return electrode pad during surgery?

    <p>To ensure accurate monitoring and prevent burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of experiencing an increase in floaters?

    <p>Possible retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically employed to address neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Electrocoagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure involves the use of a cryoprobe?

    <p>Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does scleral buckling aid in the treatment of retinal detachment?

    <p>By compressing the choroid to push the retina back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of vitrectomy surgery?

    <p>To remove opaque vitreous gel and allow treatment of underlying conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a cryotherapy machine in ophthalmic procedures?

    <p>To induce an inflammatory response for sealing retinal breaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of strabismus surgery, what does the term 'recession' refer to?

    <p>Weakening the muscle by reattaching it at a further back point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does hypertropia specifically describe?

    <p>One eye positioned higher than the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for an enucleation procedure?

    <p>For a blind, painful eye or intraocular tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surgery involves the removal of a chalazion?

    <p>Eyelid surgery to alleviate meibomian gland obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does extropian repair address?

    <p>The sagging and eversion of the lower eyelid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures involves the excision of conjunctival tissue?

    <p>Pterygium excision to eliminate corneal encroachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the operating microscope in ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>To enhance magnification and illumination during procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of misalignment is indicated by esotropia?

    <p>Inward turning of one or both eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of suturing a round implant in an enucleation procedure?

    <p>To provide support for a prosthetic eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of viscoelastics in intraocular surgeries?

    <p>To lubricate and support tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is specifically used to constrict pupils during anterior segment surgery?

    <p>Miochol (acetylcholine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concentration range of epinephrine is considered safe for use with injectable anesthetics?

    <p>1:50,000 to 1:200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drops are utilized to keep the cornea moist during ocular surgery?

    <p>Eye irrigation solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyaluronidase in relation to local anesthetics?

    <p>To enhance the effect of the anesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is used topically to inhibit scar formation in glaucoma-filtering procedures?

    <p>5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phacoemulsification machine in cataract surgery?

    <p>To break up the cataract using ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of balanced salt solution during surgical procedures?

    <p>To keep the cornea moist and can also contain epinephrine to prevent bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agent is mannitol in the context of intraocular surgeries?

    <p>A hyperosmotic agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of machine is used to perform vitrectomy?

    <p>Posterior vitrectomy machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Eye

    • Bony orbit is comprised of seven bones: maxilla, palatine, frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, ethmoid, lacrimal.
    • The orbit houses the globe, orbital fat, extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and part of the lacrimal apparatus.
    • Lacrimal glands produce tears that are secreted through ducts to moisten the cornea and wash debris, draining into the nasolacrimal duct.
    • Eyelids contain skin, adnexa (eyelashes), subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics, and muscles.
    • Conjunctiva is a transparent membrane; palpebral portion lines eyelids, while bulbar portion covers the globe.
    • Extraocular muscles facilitate eye movement; consist of four recti (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior).
    • Globe is cushioned in orbit and contains aqueous humor (anterior to lens) and vitreous humor (posterior to lens).

    Refractive Apparatus

    • Main components affecting vision include cornea, lens, vitreous humor, and aqueous humor.

    Perioperative Nursing Considerations

    • Ophthalmic patients include premature infants to elderly individuals.
    • Patients admitted ambulatory; orientation to surroundings crucial for visually impaired individuals.
    • Surgical positioning often requires a supine position; protocols vary by surgeon and institution.
    • Collaboration with surgical team ensures patient positioning safety, including use of return electrode pads and safety straps.

    Instrumentation and Counting

    • Instruments for extra and intraocular surgeries include eye scalpels, scissors, lacrimal probes, and needle drivers.
    • Minor count is essential during ophthalmic procedures for instrument safety.

    Eye Pharmacology

    • Medications for surgical procedures include dilating drops (e.g., phenylephrine, atropine) and constricting drops (e.g., Miochol).
    • Viscoelastics lubricate and support tissues during surgery (e.g., sodium hyaluronate).
    • Eye irrigation solutions, like Balanced Salt Solution (BSS), maintain cornea moisture.
    • Hyperosmotic agents (e.g., mannitol) reduce intraocular pressure.
    • Injectable anesthetics are used to manage pain, with lidocaine being common.

    Equipment

    • Phacoemulsification machines use ultrasound for cataract removal.
    • Posterior vitrectomy machines facilitate vitreous removal.
    • Cryotherapy machines seal retinal tears.
    • Lasers are employed for various ocular interventions including cataract and retinal surgeries.
    • Operating microscopes enhance visibility during procedures.

    Surgical Interventions

    Extraocular Surgeries

    • Strabismus surgery corrects ocular misalignment; categories include esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, and hypotropia.
    • Techniques include recession (weakening) and resection (strengthening) procedures.
    • Enucleation removes the entire eyeball for severe conditions; an implant supports prosthetics.
    • Chalazion removal addresses blockage of meibomian glands; entropion and extropian repairs address eyelid malformations.
    • Pterygium excision removes conjunctival growths on the cornea.

    Retinal Surgery

    • Vitreous humor assists in preserving eyeball shape, but can cause floaters as it ages.
    • Increase in floaters may indicate potential retinal detachment.
    • Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy prevents new vessel formation causing vision loss.
    • Vitrectomy surgery removes opaque vitreous to enhance vision.
    • Pneumatic retinopexy and scleral buckling are techniques to reattach detached retinas.

    Intraocular Surgeries

    • Cataract surgery involves removing the opaque lens.
    • Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) carefully removes the lens while leaving the posterior capsule intact.
    • Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) removes the lens within its capsule, typically using a cryoprobe.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the eye and its refractive apparatus. This quiz covers the structures, functions, and components of the eye, including the orbit, lacrimal glands, and extraocular muscles. Ideal for students studying anatomy or ophthalmology.

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