Anatomy of the Eye

Study Notes

The eye is a spherical structure consisting of three layers:
1. Sclera: The outermost layer, providing protection and structure.
2. Choroid: The middle layer, rich in blood vessels, supplying the retina.
3. Retina: The innermost layer, responsible for light detection and transmission.

Cornea: The transparent front layer, responsible for refracting light.
Iris: The colored part of the eye, controlling light entry through the pupil.
Lens: A flexible, transparent structure behind the iris, changing shape to focus light.
Vitreous humor: A clear, gel-like substance filling the eye, giving it shape and maintaining pressure.
Macula: A specialized area at the center of the retina, responsible for central vision.
Optic nerve: The nerve transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain.

Light detection: The retina converts light into electrical signals.
Image formation: The lens and cornea focus light to form an image on the retina.
Accommodation: The lens changes shape to focus on objects at different distances.
Movement: The extraocular muscles control eye movement and rotation.

Monocular vision: Using one eye to see.
Binocular vision: Using both eyes together to perceive depth and distance.
Central vision: The ability to see objects directly in front of the eye.
Peripheral vision: The ability to see objects at the side of the visual field.

The cornea is the transparent front layer, responsible for refracting light.
The iris controls light entry through the pupil.
The lens is a flexible, transparent structure behind the iris, changing shape to focus light.
The vitreous humor is a clear, gel-like substance filling the eye, giving it shape and maintaining pressure.
The macula is a specialized area at the center of the retina, responsible for central vision.
The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

The retina converts light into electrical signals.
The lens and cornea focus light to form an image on the retina.
The lens changes shape to focus on objects at different distances (accommodation).
The extraocular muscles control eye movement and rotation.

Monocular vision uses one eye to see.
Binocular vision uses both eyes together to perceive depth and distance.
Central vision is the ability to see objects directly in front of the eye.
Peripheral vision is the ability to see objects at the side of the visual field.