GA Practical 3 MALE

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Questions and Answers

What structure does the ductus deferens drain into?

Colliculus seminalis

What are the borders of the trigone?

The ureteral opening and internal urethral orifice.

Where does the urethra originate?

It originates from the urinary bladder

Where does the urethra open in the bitch?

<p>It opens on the vestibule floor at vestibulovaginal junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the urethra?

<p>The urethral branch of vaginal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the urethra course through in male dog?

<p>It courses through the pelvic urethra to penile urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the urethra in male dogs?

<p>The urethral branch of prostatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urethralis muscle is innervated by

<p>Pudendal nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urethralis muscle forms the external urethral sphincter

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is continuous with the pararectal fossa?

<p>Rectogenital pouch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying the scrotum?

<p>External pudendal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer serves as a smooth muscle component and helps in thermoregulation of the testes?

<p>Tunica dartos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the spermatic cord and testes?

<p>Vaginal tunic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the caudal superficial epigastric artery and the mammary glands?

<p>It anastomoses with the cranial superficial epigastric artery to supply them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the cremaster muscle?

<p>Genitofemoral nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paraphimosis?

<p>Inability to retract the penis into the prepuce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is found within the spermatic cord?

<p>Visceral vaginal tunic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pubovesicopouch is divided by the lateral ligament of the bladder

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This structure is a peritoneal pouch that contains fat and the round ligament of the uterus. What is this structure ?

<p>The vaginal process</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cremaster muscle arises from the _____

<p>The cremaster muscle arises from the internal abdominal oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not contained in the vaginal tunic?

<p>Prepuce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pampiniform plexus?

<p>To cool the testicular artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure runs from the vaginal ring to the testes and epididymis?

<p>Spermatic cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are supported by the mesorchium?

<p>Testicular vein, artery, nerve, lymphatics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prepuce cover?

<p>Glans penis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is suspended by the mesoductus deferens?

<p>Ductus deferens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pelvic urethra begins at the apex of the bladder

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What delineates the transition of the pelvic urethra to the penile urethra?

<p>The ischial arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure completely envelopes the pelvic urethra?

<p>The prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prostate gland is the only well developed accessory gland in the dog

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does castration have on the prostate in male dogs?

<p>Reduces its size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for covering the bulb of the penis?

<p>Bulbospongiosus muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin point of the ischiocavernosus muscle?

<p>Ischiatic tuberosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is the retractor penis muscle primarily composed of?

<p>Both smooth and skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly noted in older dogs regarding the prostate?

<p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is located at the proximal end of the corpus cavernosum?

<p>Crus of the penis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical part is associated with the root of the penis?

<p>Crus of the penis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found associated with the root of the penis?

<p>Corpus cavernosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tunica albuginea in relation to the crus of the penis?

<p>To provide structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The crus of the penis is primarily composed of which type of tissue?

<p>Erectile tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The penile urethra is surrounded by corpus cavernosum

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood supply to the prepuce?

<p>The internal pudendal artery and external pudendal artery supplies the prepuce</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the accessory sex glands is correct?

<p>Vesicular glands are present in all male species except the dog and cat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species has an ampulla among the following?

<p>Buck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accessory glands is solely well-developed in the dog?

<p>Prostate gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is incorrect regarding the bulbourethral gland?

<p>It is found in the ram and tomcat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does castration have on the accessory glands?

<p>It decreases their size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The os penis is the ossification of the distal _____________

<p>The os penis is the ossification of the distal corpus cavernosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure in the boar that contains foul smelling fluid containing cell debris and urine is called? What is the smell referred to?

<p>Preputial diverticulum; Boar’s taint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature makes the bull's reproductive organs particularly vulnerable to injury?

<p>The drooping nature of the prepuce and scrotum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle covers the bulbourethral glands in the bull, complicating their identification?

<p>Bulbospongiosus muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a bull's reproductive anatomy could lead to increased risk during mating?

<p>Pendulous prepuce and scrotum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size characteristic of the bulbourethral glands in bulls?

<p>Small and difficult to locate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the prepuce of a bull be considered a significant anatomical structure?

<p>It droops significantly and can sustain injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the species that have a musculocavernous penis type.

<p>Stallion, dog and Tom cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the species that have a fibroelastic type penis

<p>Bull, boar, ram, buck</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the structures that go through the inguinal canal in the male dog

<p>External pudendal artery/vein, Genitofemoral nerve, vaginal tunic with spermatic cord, and lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pararectal Fossa

The dorsal region of the rectum and surrounding tissue.

Rectogenital Pouch

Space between rectum and reproductive organs (uterus/prostate).

Spermatic Cord Structures

Testis-related structures (nerves, vessels, ductus deferens) wrapped in connective tissues.

Cremaster Muscle

Muscle that helps regulate testicular temperature.

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Vaginal Tunic Layers

Outer lining of the testicle; includes parietal (outer), cavity and visceral (inner) layers.

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Inguinal Canal Structures

Structures that pass through the inguinal canal, such as nerves and blood vessels.

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Scrotum Structure

Layers of the scrotum that include skin, tunica dartos and spermatic fascia and their function.

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Pampiniform Plexus

A network of veins that surround the testicular artery, regulating temperature.

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Spermatic Cord

A bundle of structures that travels from the vaginal ring to the testes and epididymis, containing the ductus deferens, testicular vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

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Ductus Deferens

The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

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Testicular Vessels

The blood vessels (artery and vein) that supply and drain blood from the testes and surrounding structures.

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Prepuce

The fold of skin covering the glans penis.

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Prostate Size

The prostate gland shrinks after castration (neutering) because it relies on androgens (male hormones) for growth.

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

An enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly seen in older male dogs.

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Mid-Dorsal Sulcus

A groove on the dorsal surface of the prostate, which can be felt during physical examination.

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Bulbospongiosus Muscle

This muscle covers the bulb of the penis and helps with erection and expulsion of semen.

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Ischiocavernosus Muscle

This muscle covers the crus of the penis and contributes to erection.

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Crus of the Penis

The proximal end of the corpus cavernosum (erectile tissue) and its surrounding tunica albuginea, located at the root of the penis.

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Bulb of the Penis

The bulbous portion of the penis located at the root, containing erectile tissue and connected to the urethra.

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Corpus Cavernosum

Erectile tissue in the penis responsible for becoming engorged with blood during an erection.

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Tunica Albuginea

A tough, fibrous membrane that surrounds the corpus cavernosum, helping to contain the blood during an erection.

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Root of the Penis

The base of the penis where it attaches to the body, containing the crus, bulb, and urethra.

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What are accessory sex glands?

Accessory sex glands produce seminal plasma, a fluid that makes up the majority of semen. They are important for sperm transport, nourishment, and protection.

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What happens to accessory glands after castration?

After castration, the accessory sex glands shrink in size. This is because they are dependent on testosterone for growth and function.

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Which species have an ampulla?

The ampulla is an enlargement of the ductus deferens present in the stallion, bull, ram, dog, and buck. It is absent in the boar and tomcat.

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Which species lack vesicular glands?

The vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) are absent in the dog and the cat.

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Which species lack bulbourethral glands?

The bulbourethral glands are absent in the dog.

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Prepuce in Bulls

The prepuce in bulls is pendulous, meaning it hangs down, making it susceptible to injury from the environment.

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Scrotum in Bulls

The scrotum in bulls is also pendulous, which means it hangs low and can be easily injured.

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Bulbourethral Glands in Bulls

The bulbourethral glands in bulls are small and difficult to locate because they are covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle.

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Why are the prepuce and scrotum vulnerable in bulls?

The pendulous nature of the prepuce and scrotum in bulls makes them susceptible to injury from the external environment. This is because they are more exposed and can easily be snagged or damaged.

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Location of Bulbourethral Glands

In bulls, the bulbourethral glands are located within the bulbospongiosus muscle, making them difficult to isolate.

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