Anatomy of the Digestive System

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What is the characteristic of the wall of the digestive tract?

Consists of a single layer of epithelial cells
Made up of four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa (correct)
Composed of a layer of connective tissue only
Composed of three main layers

What type of epithelium covers the tongue?

Cuboidal epithelium
Non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Columnar epithelium

What type of glands are found in the submucosa of the tongue?

Endocrine glands
Merocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Mucous and serous glands (correct)

What is the characteristic of the oral mucosa lining the lip and cheek?

Non-keratinized epithelium with salivary glands (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of papillae are found on the dorsal surface of the tongue and have keratinized epithelium?

Filiform papillae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the salivary glands found in the submucosa of the tongue and associated with the circumvallate papillae?

Von Ebner's glands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intrinsic factor in the gastric juice?

To facilitate the absorption of vitamin B12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells produces pepsinogen in the gastric glands?

Chief cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the smooth muscle fibers in the gastric glands?

To support the structure of the gastric glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of gastric juice?

Bicarbonate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vagus nerve in regulating gastric secretion?

It regulates the neural activity that controls gastric secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lymphoid cells and nodules in the gastric mucosa?

In the lamina propria between the gastric glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily volume of saliva secreted in the human body?

1,000 ml/day (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing the most saliva?

Submandibular Glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the esophagus?

To transport food and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is NOT typically found in saliva?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of saliva in the human body?

6.5 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cell type that plays a role in the contraction of salivary glands?

Myoepithelial Cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Hormone production and food digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the stomach lining when empty?

Rugae are longitudinally directed folds that flatten when the stomach is filled with food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gastric glands in the stomach mucosa?

To deliver their secretions into the bases of the gastric pits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the surface mucous cells in the gastric mucosa?

They produce a thick, viscous mucus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small circular or ovoid invaginations of the epithelial in the stomach mucosa?

Foveolae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium found in the gastric mucosa?

Simple columnar epithelium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter muscle in the pyloric region of the stomach?

To regulate the passage of food into the duodenum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the thick wall in the pyloric region of the stomach?

It is due to the presence of the pyloric sphincter muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of taking antral, incisura, and corpus biopsies in the clinical case?

To determine the region of origin of each biopsy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of the structures revealed by the silver stain of the patient's gastric mucosa?

Small, curved rods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the structures revealed by the silver stain and the patient's chronic gastritis?

The structures are a cause of the chronic gastritis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

Inner circular layer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glands in the stomach?

To produce digestive enzymes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the contraction of the strands in the stomach?

It facilitates the emptying of the glands (B) Signup and view all the answers