Anatomy of the Brain

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the folds on the surface of each hemisphere?

Gyri (correct)

Sulci

Cortex

Hemisphere

What is the purpose of the gyri on the surface of each hemisphere?

To reduce the surface area of the cortex

To separate the two hemispheres

To connect the two hemispheres

To increase the surface area of the cortex (correct)

What is the term used to describe the grooves between the gyri on the surface of each hemisphere?

Cortex

Gyri

Hemisphere

Sulci (correct)

What is the effect of the gyri on the surface area of the cortex?

It increases the surface area of the cortex Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main features on the surface of each hemisphere?

Gyri and sulci Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Coordinating and smoothing out voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the cerebellum?

The little brain Signup and view all the answers

What blood vessels feed into the cerebral arterial circle of Willis?

Four blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cerebral arterial circle of Willis?

Supplying blood to the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the cerebral arterial circle of Willis?

In the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary component of gray matter?

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the neuroglia in white matter?

Providing support and insulation for nerve processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of white matter?

Nerve cell bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between gray matter and white matter?

Gray matter is primarily composed of nerve cell bodies, while white matter is primarily composed of nerve processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of both gray matter and white matter?

Both contain neuroglia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main part of the brainstem?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT controlled by the brainstem?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the elongated, cylindrical part of the central nervous system below the head?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function controlled by neurons in the brainstem?

Muscle movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major difference between the brainstem and the spinal cord?

The brainstem is located within the skull, while the spinal cord extends down the back. Signup and view all the answers

How many spinal nerves originate from the thoracic region of the spinal cord?

12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the peripheral nervous system?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord has the fewest spinal nerves?

Sacral Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of spinal nerves in the human body?

31 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the spinal cord?

It is protected by the vertebral column. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Grey matter consists of nerve cell bodies embedded in neuroglia
White matter consists of nerve processes (axons) and blood vessels embedded in neuroglia
The surface of each hemisphere features numerous folds called gyri, which increase the surface area of the cortex, and intervening grooves called sulci
Four blood vessels feed into the cerebral arterial circle of Willis

Cerebellum

Also known as the "little brain", the cerebellum coordinates and smooths out voluntary movements
Divided into three main parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Contains neurons responsible for vital functions, including:
- Blood pressure and heart rate regulation
- Breathing
- Sleeping
- Consciousness

Spinal Cord

Elongated, cylindrical part of the central nervous system below the head
Contains the roots of 31 spinal nerves, including:
- 8 cervical nerves
- 12 thoracic nerves
- 5 lumbar nerves
- 5 sacral nerves
- 1 coccygeal nerve